WElCOME TO

CCNA
LEAD BY ENG ABYAD
Cisco Foundations

 Network Components, Diagrams , Cables & Speed

 What is a network? How does cisco play a role ?
 Network stracture Understanding your building blocks
 How we talk about speed in a network
 A common network cables
What is a network

 A modern form of communication for humans

 The infrastructure to transfer resources
 A network links multiple computer systems to enable them to
share data and resources.
 A networking is the communication between the networked
devices
 Categories of computer networks for business and organizations:
 Cisco: the debated inventor of routers
 Un debatably the industry leader in stable network equipment
 Stately a software company
Network Diagrams, Speed &
Cables
Ethernet Fiber Seriel
Bit->Byte->Kilobyte->Megabytes->Gigabyte->terabyte
 Network Fundamentals
 Local area network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide area network (WAN)
Network Fundamentals

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 Network Fundamentals
 LAN
 Uses cables, radio waves, or infrared signals
 Links computers in a limited geographic area
 Connects physically adjacent devices
 Control the network privately under local administrator
 WAN
 Uses long-distance transmission media
 operates over large geographical locations
 Allows access over serial interfaces
 Links computer systems a few miles or thousands of
miles apart
 The Internet is the largest WAN
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 Network Fundamentals

 Communication devices
convert data into signals
to travel over a medium.
 Computers

 Modems

 Routers

 Switches

 Network interface cards

(NICs)

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Network Structure:
Understanding Your Building
Blocks
 Routers
 Connect two or more networks
 Determine the best route to transmit data
 It is layer 3 device
 Switches
 Filter and forward data between nodes
 Are similar to routers but work within a single
network
 It is generally used to interconnect all devices on the
network so that they communicate.
 It does broadcasting only at first but on second time
onwards it does unicasting. 9
 Network devices

 HUB
 Hub is generally used to interconnect the network
devices so that they can communicate each other
 It does broadcasting all the time

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 Network devices

 A node is any device connected to a network.

 Network interface card (NIC)
 An expansion board or adapter that provides a connection
between the computer and the network
 Notebook computers have wireless NICs

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Network Fundamentals

 Wireless access point (WAP)

 Receives and transmits radio
signals
 Joins wireless nodes to a wired
network

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Advantages of Networking

Hardware cost reduction

Sharing of information, data, and
applications
Data management centralization
Linking of people

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 Local Area Networks
 Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
 Share files without a file server
 Are easy to set up
 Are best used for home or small offices with no more than
10 computers
 Do not require a network operating system
 Can be slow if there are too many users
 Security is not strong

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 Local Area Networks
 Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks

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 Local Area Networks
 Client/server networks
 Made up of one or more file servers and clients (any type
of computer)
 Client software enables requests to be sent to the server
 Wired or wireless connections
 Do not slow down with heavy use

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 Local Area Networks
 Virtual private network
 Operates over the Internet
 Is accessible by authorized users for quick access to
corporate information
 Uses secure, encrypted connections and special software

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 Local Area Networks
 LAN topologies
 Network topology is the physical design of a LAN.
 Topology resolves contention, the conflict that occurs
when two or more computers on the network attempt to
transmit at the same time.

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 Local Area Networks
 LAN topologies
 Bus topology
 Practical for home or small office
 One node transmits at a time
 Star topology
 For office buildings, computer labs, and WANs
 Easy to add users
 Ring topology
 For a division of a company or one floor
 Not in common use today

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Local Area Networks

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Local Area Networks

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Local Area Networks

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Network Topology
 Local Area Networks
 LAN protocols
 LAN technologies
 Ethernet is the most-used LAN protocol.
 The most popular versions are Ethernet star networks, which use
twisted-pair wiring and switches.
 Wi-Fi
 Uses radio waves to provide a wireless LAN standard at
Ethernet speeds
 Needs a central access point, which could be a wireless router

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 Wide Area Networks
 WAN protocols
 Circuit switching
 Used by the public switched telephone network
to send data over a physical end-to-end circuit
 Provides a direct connection between devices
 Packet switching
 Used for computer communication
 Divides and sends outgoing messages as packets, which are
reassembled upon receipt
 More efficient and less expensive than circuit switching

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 Wide Area Networks
 WAN protocols
 Internet protocols
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Defines how Internet-connected computers can exchange, control,
and confirm messages
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 Provides a distinct identification to any computer connected to the
Internet: the IP address
 TCP/IP
 Together, they define how the Internet works.

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IP address schema 27

 Two version of ip addressing schema

 ip version 4 32 bit addressing
 Ip version 6 128 bit
addressing
The total classes of ip v4 28

 The total ip address scheme is

divided into 5 classes

 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D
 Class E
Range of each class 29

 Class A = 0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255

 Class B =128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
 Class C = 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
 Class D =224.0.0.0 229.255.255.255
 Class E =240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
PRIVATE IP ADDRESS RANGES 30

 Class A =10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255

 Class B = 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
 Class C = 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
IP ADDRESSING
Wide Area Networks

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Wide Area Networks

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Wide Area Networks

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Wide Area Networks

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 Wide Area Networks
WAN applications: E-mail, conferencing,
document exchange, remote database access
LAN to LAN Connections

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 Home Networks
 Wired Home Networks
 Ethernet networks link computers with a switch or router.

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 Home Networks
 Wireless Home Networks
 Wi-Fi is the wireless standard.
 Uses radio signals
 Communicates through network access points
 Needs wireless adapter or router

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Q & A Session
Thank you