Methane emission as influenced by different crop establishment

techniques and organic manure

H. M. Jayadeva, T. K. Prabhakara Setty,

R. C. Gowda, et. al
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Location: ARS- Kathalagere, kharif-2005, variety:KRH-2

Soil type- Red clay loam.
pH-6.6 OC- 0.72%
N- 343 K ha-1 P2O5- 19 ha-1 K2O- 249 ha-1

Treatments
Crop establishment techniques
1. Transplanting
2. SRI
3. Aerobic-directed seeded rice
Four source of nutrients
1. Recommended NPK
2. In situ greenmanure (sunhemp) + Recommend NPK
3. Paddy straw manuring + Recommend NPK
4. FYM + Recommend NPK
5. RFD of 100:50:50 Kgha-1
 Closed chamber method (Adhya et.al 1998) at 10 days interval from 30th

(DAS).

 Sampling done at morning (9.00 to 10.30 AM) & in afternoon (2.00 to

3.30 PM).

 Individual planted pots were placed on tray & covered with perspex.

 The tray was filled with water to a depth of 5cm.

 In field, perspex chambers were placed on four (aerobic & SRI) and

fourteen (transplanting) hills of rice plant.

 Analyzed for methane in gas chromatography equipped with FID.

 Methane Emission
(mg/pt/day)

30 DAS 40 DAS 50 DAS 60 DAS 70 DAS 80 DAS 90 DAS Total

Establishment Techniques
Transplanting 0.104 2.17 2.60 4.42 5.38 5.80 4.10 24.57

SRI Method 0.161 2.31 2.71 3.29 4.29 5.30 3.96 22.01

Aerobic direct 0.116 1.54 1.66 2.27 2.69 3.10 1.81 13.18
seeded rice
Seem ± 0.003 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.24 0.52 0.44 0.45

CD @ 1% 0.007 0.26 0.26 0.66 0.67 1.43 1.22 1.23

Transplanting – M1
SRI Method – M2
Aerobic direct seeded rice – M3
 Methane Emission
(mg/pt/day)
30 DAS 40 DAS 50 DAS 60 DAS 70 DAS 80 DAS 90 DAS Total
Source of Nutrients
Rec. NPK 0.124 1.21 1.53 2.55 2.89 3.09 1.96 13.35

GM + Rec. NPK 0.128 2.19 2.33 3.17 3.90 4.59 3.05 19.35

PS + Rec. NPK 0.126 2.46 2.99 4.23 5.42 6.21 4.56 25.99

FYM + Rec.NPK 0.130 2.18 2.43 3.35 4.26 5.04 3.59 20.98

S.Em ± 0.001 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.40

CD @ 1% 0.003 0.22 0.24 0.32 0.38 0.47 0.33 0.97

Rec. NPK – S1
GM + Rec. NPK – S2
PS + Rec. NPK – S3
FYM + Rec.NPK – S4
 Methane Emission
(mg/pt/day)
30 DAS 40 DAS 50 DAS 60 DAS 70 DAS 80 DAS 90 DAS Total
Interaction
M1S1 0.099 1.26 1.96 3.01 3.49 3.57 2.56 15.95
M1S2 0.107 2.61 2.44 4.28 5.00 5.54 3.08 23.06
M1S3 0.103 2.34 3.41 5.80 7.54 8.06 6.28 33.54
M1S4 0.107 2.48 2.57 4.59 5.48 6.02 4.49 25.74
M2S1 0.160 1.35 1.48 2.96 3.21 3.44 2.09 14.69
M2S2 0.162 2.27 2.82 3.08 4.21 5.24 4.14 21.92
M2S3 0.158 3.08 3.54 3.98 5.19 6.62 5.22 27.79
M2S4 0.162 2.53 2.98 3.12 4.56 5.89 4.38 23.63
M3S1 0.114 1.02 1.14 1.69 1.98 2.26 1.22 9.42
M3S2 0.114 1.68 1.72 2.15 2.50 2.98 1.94 13.08
M3S3 0.117 1.95 2.02 2.90 3.52 3.94 2.19 16.64
M3S4 0.120 1.52 1.75 2.34 2.74 3.22 1.90 13.59
S.Em ± 0.02 0.15 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.33 0.23 0.69
CD @ 1% NS NS NS NS 0.66 NS 0.57 1.69
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Crop establishment techniques
• Showed significant influence on CH4 emission
• During 30(DAS) SRI method recorded higher CH4 emission.
• At 60 &70 DAS CH4 emission on par b/w SRI & normal transplanting.
• Total CH4 emission was higher in normal transplanting at 60 & 70 DAS.
• Aerobic method lower CH4 emission.

Source of nutrients
 FYM+ Rec. NPK recorded higher CH4 emission @ 30 DAS.
 Paddy straw manuring + Rec. NPK showed higher @ 40 DAS to 90 DAS.

Treatment combination
 SRI technique and FYM + Rec. NPK recorded higher CH4 emission @ initial stages.
 SRI technique and paddy straw + Rec. NPK recorded higher @ 40 and 50 DAS.
 Normal transplanting and paddy straw + Rec. NPK recorded higher @ 60 to 90 DAS.
 CONCLUSION
 Wider spacing under pudlled condition leads to more methane.

 Flooding which intensifies soil reaction and the decomposition of

organic matter.

 Wider C:N ratio attribute for more methane.

 In all the cases total methane emission less with N:P:K only.
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION
ON METHANE EMISSION AND PRODUCTION
IN FLOODED PADDY SOILS

T. K. ADHYA, et. al
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Field experiment
Cropping season Wet (June - October).
Soil type Deltaic Alluvium
pH 6.2
OM 1.55%
Total N 1.55%
SO4-S 36.5µg g-I
Variety Ratna (spacing- 15× 20cm)
Plot size 5 × 5m

• Fertilizer rate- N(40Kgha-I) 50% @ basal & 25% @ maximum tillering, panicle
initiation.
• K(30Kg ha-I) basal dose.
• P(0, 30 & 60 Kg ha-1) as SSP at basal dose.(3 replication)
• CH4 emission measured by closed chamber technique. At 5-d interval from DAT to
maturity.
 Laboratory experiment

P deficient soil from khuntuni orissa

Alluvial soil Olsen’s
OM-3.61%
SO N-0.04%
pH- P-5.8
2µg g-I-I
S-11.57%
SO4-s-34.2
olsen’s
OM-1.61%
N-0.11%
pH-6.2
P-8µg
µgg-I
g-I 4
4

The soils collected from plough layer (0-20cm).

Air dried, ground and sieved (<2mm).

 Methane production studies
1 Case
• The incubation method of wang et al (1993)
• Air dried samples of 5 gm & 1-5 cm flooded with sterile water.
• P applied as K2HPO4 in solution at 100µg P g-I soil.

2 Study
 The effects of different concentration of P on CH4 production.
 P-deficient soil (Khuntuni) was treated with K3HPO4 at 50, 100, 500 or 100µg P g-I

3 Experiment
• The effects of different source of P on CH4 production.
-Commercially available superphosphate
-Two rock phosphate (Mussorie and Jordan)
 Were applied individually to the P-deficient soil (Khunutuni) at 100µg P g-I.
 Olsen’s P in soil at start and after 30d incubation was also determined
calorimetrically.
 Effect of P applied as k2HPo4 at 100µg P g-I soil on CH4
production in two soils

mg CH4 g-I soil

TREATMENT
0d 5d 10d 15d 20d 25d 30d

Khuntuni 1.5 2.9 13.5 108.7 1000.8 2986.2 2604.7

Khuntuni + P 1.7 3.0 33.0 516.8 1579.9 4892.6 5459.6

Alluvial 1.7 3.2 5.2 10.1 43.5 1142.6 1213.7

Alluvial + P 1.7 3.1 2.9 8.0 32.6 1118.0 1218.0

 Effect of different concentration of P on CH4 in Khuntuni soil

mg CH4 g -1 soil
P-addition (µg g-1) 0d 5d 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d

Control (no P) 1.4 5.4 15.1 52.2 445.3 2434.8 1688.8

50 4.6 5.0 23.9 143.4 1089.1 2659.2 3468.2
100 1.9 6.0 36.6 204.4 1982.8 4495.3 4646.9
500 1.5 5.8 29.6 106.7 865.0 288.9 3341.9
1000 1.4 5.7 19.8 45.3 477.4 2494.7 3884.0
 P sources (added at 100µg P g-I) & CH4 production in a P-deficient soil
P addition SO4 content % Mg CH4 g-I soil
(µg g -I) of P sources
0d 5d 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d

Control 1.6 2.8 13.3 106.5 355.4 2469.8 2554.9

SSP 28.20 1.6 2.8 6.5 7.0 10.9 8.5 4.3

K2HPO4 1.5 6.3 13.6 136.3 994.8 2348.6 6426.0

MRP 2.91 1.5 9.7 48.2 64.4 177.8 173.8 1069.7

JRP 0.65 1.6 6.0 50.8 213.5 660.2 4331.3 6430.1

 Effect of P applied as K2HPO4 at 100µg P g-I soil on CH4 production

• Both soils produce considerable amounts of CH4 during incubation for 30 d.

• The Khuntuni soil produced more CH4 than Alluvial soil.

• CH4 accumulated in significant amount after only 10d in khuntuni soil & after 20 d
in the alluvial soil.

• Upon addition of P at 100µg P g-I khuntuni soil further increased CH4 production.

• Amount of P in P-deficient soil at 30 d after incubation was lower than the P

normal soil.

Effect of different concentration of P on CH4 in Khuntuni soil

• 50 & 100µg g-I of P has stimulatory effect on CH4 production.

• Addition of P above 100µg P g-I soil was similar to that of 50µg P g-I soil in CH4
production.
 Influence of different sources of P (100µg P g-I soil)

• K2HPO4 & Jordan rock phosphate stimulated CH4

production.

• Mussorie rock phosphate & the SSP application resulted in

CH4 reduction.
 Conclusion

• CH4 emission in control is more than the application of P as

SSP.

• P in P-deficient soil increases microbial activity such as

heterotrophic N2 fixer .(Rao .et al. 1986)

• P- demand of the microorganisms in the P- deficient

(khuntuni) soil was saturated.

• Sulphur inhibits the production of CH4 in anoxic condition.