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• Frequency: 1800MHz
• 10MHz bandwidth
• 2x2 MIMO
• Software: RL20 EP3.2 (GSM: EX4.A_build_061; S14 EP9.1)
• Hardware: Flexi Multi-Radio (FSME + ESMB/C + FXEA)
• Shared antenna with GSM1800
• RET on most sites
• Transmission: 150Mbps per site
• Ericsson EPC
• UE: ZTE MF820/MF820D. Qualcomm chipset, category 3.
• RF sharing with GSM1800 means same tilts and azimuth are used
on antenna system.
• GSM1800 network is deployed mainly for voice users while
LTE1800 is targeting on a different segment, the data users. Hence
different user behaviours would be expected. For example, low
mobility users are assumed in early commercial launch phase with
only data dongle usage for packet services.
• There is no pre-launch tuning to review LTE1800 physical radio
network design.
• GSM1800 has GSM900 as safe net for coverage extension in deep
indoor or coverage border. Apart from I-RAT mobility, there is no
safe net for coverage issue on LTE1800 compares to GSM1800.
• Service impacting on 2G if restart on LTE is required.
f5 max = f1+98
f3
f1 f2 f4 f5 f4 f5
10MHZ f1 f2 f3 f6
5Mhz 5Mhz
400kHz
ESMX x 1
With FIQA
60W Powerbudget
• 30W (1..2 TRX)
– 1st TRX mapped to FXxx1.1 20W LTE 30W TRX 2
• 40W (1 TRX)
60W Powerbudget
– 1st TRX mapped to FXxx1.1
– 2nd TRX mapped to FXxx2.1 20W LTE 40W TRX 2
X
• Per TRX Power selection • Result:
– 40W (1 TRX) – 20W+20W for LTE MiMo
– 2 TRX 40W for GSM
– 0W not used
V
For internal use only
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks
TSDK LTE Optimisation Learning / Evan Lu / 2011-11-02
LTE Cell with 20W MIMO + GSM Cell with 4 TRX
• Per TRX Power selection • Result:
– 15W (1..4 TRX) – 20W+20W for LTE MiMo
– 4 TRX 15W for GSM
– 10W+10W not used
X
• Per TRX Power selection • Result:
– 20W (1..3 TRX) – 20W+20W for LTE MiMo
– 4 TRX 20W for GSM
– 0W not used
V
For internal use only
20 © Nokia Siemens Networks
TSDK LTE Optimisation Learning / Evan Lu / 2011-11-02
Hanging Site for CM Operations
PA1
PA11
PA2
PA8
PA3
PA7
PA4
PA5
PA9
PA10
PA6
PA solved
On LTE2600
On LTE1800
• The aim of phase 2 of the LTE optimisation project was to get LTE1800
network ready for launch and monitor the performance right after launch.
• The scope was IRAT mobility parameter optimization for LTE1800, in
particular the interworking between LTE1800 and LTE2600, as well as
interworking between LTE and other technologies (GSM and WCDMA)
– Idle mode and connected mode mobility optimization (cell reselection,
redirection and handover).
• After the project started it was obvious that Telia also needed support in
other areas, such as general consistency checks, implementation of
managed objects and parameter changes, general performance
evaluation and troubleshooting (such as throughput performance).
• Telia wanted to plan and drive the project themselves. The NSN service
consisted of on-site support from one expert for 15 MWD initially, later
extended with 6 MWD.
• Analysis of drive test from the first week showed that there
were many missing intra-frequency LTE neighbours.
(ADIPNO object).
We see from the map that the handovers are not working
as expected. Most of the area is actually served by PCI
186 since it can’t handover to the neighbouring sites due
For internal use only
39 © Nokia Siemens Networks TSDK LTEto missing
Optimisation neighbour
Learning relations.
/ Evan Lu / 2011-11-02
Missing neighbours
Signalling example from Nemo
UE is sending several
measurement reports for PCI
46, but handover to this cell is
never performed because this
site is not defined as a
neighbour.
UE is starting to
measure on PCI
321, which is defined
as neighbour. HO is
performed right after
this measurement
report
We can clearly see an improvement in handover by plotting the serving cell PCI. The drive test from
week 34 is showing that the UE is hanging on each cell too long. In the drive test from week 35 we see
the result of the implementation of the missing neighbours UE is handing over more quickly
For internal use only
41 © Nokia Siemens Networks TSDK LTE Optimisation Learning / Evan Lu / 2011-11-02
Inter-frequency handover
LTE-to-GERAN reselection
Support for Idle mode cell reselection from LTE-to-GERAN based on SIB7 GERAN neighbor information. UE measures the GERAN neighbors as per the priority in the
SIB and once the reselection criteria is met, transitions to GERAN IDLE mode and performs the necessary NAS procedures on GERAN.
GERAN-to-LTE reselection
Support for Idle mode cell reselection from GERAN-to-LTE based on SI2q LTE neighbor information. UE measures the LTE neighbors as per the priority in the SIs and
once the reselection criteria is met, transitions to LTE IDLE mode and performs the necessary NAS procedures on LTE.
sNonIntrSearch = 16
RSRP
When RSRP < -68: start to When RSRP < -114: start to
measure intra-freq neighbours. measure on LTE1800 and WCDMA
Reselection to another 2600 cell Reselection to LTE1800 cell will If no suitable LTE1800 cell is found,
will happen when the neighbour is happen when serving cell is then try WCDMA. Reselection to
3dB better. below -120dBm and the WCDMA will happen when serving
LTE1800 neighbour’s RSRP is cell is below -120 and neighbouring
LNCEL:Qhyst = 3dB better than -109 dBm. WCDMA cell RSCP > -101
IAFIM: qOffestCell = 0dB
LNCEL:threshSrvLow = 10 LNCEL:threshSrvLow = 10
Reselection will happen if UE IRFIM:interFrqThrL = 21 UFFIM:utraFrqThrL = 10 (relative to
camps longer than 1 sec in the UFFIM:qRxLevMinUtra = -111)
serving cell AND condition has to Reselection will happen if UE
be met for a time camps longer than 1 sec in the Reselection will happen if UE
LNCEL:tReselEutr = 1s serving cell AND condition has to camps longer than 1 sec in the
be met for a time serving cell AND condition has to
IRFIM:interTResEutr = 1s be met for a time UFFIM:tResUtra
= 1s
For internal use only
46 © Nokia Siemens Networks TSDK LTE Optimisation Learning / Evan Lu / 2011-11-02
LTE 1800, absolute priority 6 qrxLevMin = -130 dBm
idle mode reselection
sIntraSearch = 62
sNonIntrSearch = 16
RSRP
When RSRP < -68: start to UE will ”always” (=periodically) When RSRP < -114: start to
measure intra-freq neighbours. measure on 2600 cells because measure on WCDMA
2600 has higher priority
examples
Red/brown: UE is
camping on LTE2600
Blue: UE is camping on
LTE1800
• It turned out that although the priorities and parameters for inter-frequency
cell reselection were set correctly, the UE sometimes has ”a mind of its
own” and does not want to camp on LTE2600 although the coverage is
excellent.
• ZTE was asked to give an explanation of why the UE does not follow the
network priorities and to explain the algorithm for LTE layer selection, and
this was their (slightly confusing) answer:
– The truth is the UE will scan the band 1(1800MHZ) first when it power on, if the attach procedure fails
by some reason, then UE will try to attach to the band 3(2600MHZ). If the UE can attach to band 1
successful, and then when they power on at the next time, UE will try to attach to the band which
attached successfully at the previous time, that means if the UE have the scanning records with
1800MHZ and attached successful at previous time, and then you put in it under the band mixed
environment now, they will try to attach to 1800MHZ first, if they is no reject from NW, UE will never
trying to attach to 2600. Because they work fine on the 1800MHZ, otherwise there are some thing goes
wrong with 1800MHZ NW, then UE will skip the attach request to 1800MHZ, and trying to attach to
2600MHZ NW.
Week 38 Week 39
We can clearly see that the throughput distribution has changed from week 38 to week 39. In week
39 there seems to be something which is limiting the thoughput to around 35 Mbps.
• After detailed testing it was clear that the limitation was not on
the radio interface. It was also clear that the degradation
happened in week 38.
• When looking for all changes made in the network in this
week, we found that Ericsson had implemented DPI (Deep
Packet Inspection) in the core. When testing on a test-SIM
without the DPI, we got the high throughput values again. It
turned out that the throughput degradation was due to a
wrong implementation of the DPI.
Problem summary:
– High RRC and E-RAB Drop Ratio in live TeliaSonera LTE1800 Network
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
02/10/2011
03/10/2011
29/09/2011
30/09/2011
01/10/2011
04/10/2011
05/10/2011
06/10/2011
07/10/2011
08/10/2011
09/10/2011
10/10/2011
11/10/2011
12/10/2011
13/10/2011
14/10/2011
15/10/2011
16/10/2011
LTE_5237a E-RAB Release Failure Ratio, EPC init RNL (%) LTE_5090a E-RAB Release Failure Ratio, eNB init RNL (%)
threshold4
LNCEL; 0..97dB; 1dB; -
Baseline is -140dBm
a2TimeToTriggerRedirect
event A2
for redirection
RRC: RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
(Serving LTE Cell
cause: other RSRP falls below -
(no target RAT 110dBm)
Indicated!!!)
Analysis Results:
– According to eNB traces collected from most affected sites, the drops occur in case when
conditions for RRC connection release with redirect are met on UE side
– The redirect failure is due to “LTE only” Network mode setting of UE by end user. In this
mode UE does not provide any IRAT capabilities to the eNB within “UE Radio Capability”
IE so eNB decides that redirect to 3G WCDMA is not supported by UE and releases the
call after Measurement Report A2.
Solution Options:
– eNB SW RL20 EP4.0 - No A2 triggered RRC Connection Release without redirect in case
target frequency layer or IRAT for redirect is not supported by UE according to “UE Radio
Capability” IE
– Change threshold4 from -110dBm to -120? -126? -130? Risk of quality degradation to all
LTE end users in whole network.
– Inform end users to change UE Network Mode setting from 4G only to 4G preferred
Improved