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Antimikroba infeksi

bedah
Hendy Buana Vijaya
PPDS Bedah FK ULM
Antibiotic use
• Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamc Principles
• Pharmacokinetics (PK) involves the prmciples of drug absorption,
distribution, and metabolism
• Dose-response relationslups are influenced by dose, dosing interval, and
route of administration
Mekanisme antibiotic/antimikroba
• Menghambat sintesis dinding sel
• Menghambat fungsi mebran sitoplasma
• Menghambat sintesis protein
• Menghambat sintesa asam nukleat :
a. Penghambat sintesis precursor asam nukleat
b. Penghambat aktivitas DNA
c. Penghambat RNA Polymerasi
d. Menginterferensi replikasi DNA
Classification of antibiotics on the basis of
effects of their activity

Bactericidal:
• Kills bacteria
• Examples: Aminoglycosides, Penicillin, Cephalosporin
Bacteriostatic:
• Inhibits the growth of bacteria
• Examples: Sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim,
macrolides, Lincosamide
Antibiotic prophylaxis
• Prophylactic antibiotics are used most often to prevent infection
of a surgical incision. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is
proved to reduce the risk of postoperative SSis in many circumstances
Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for most cleancontaminated and
contaru.inated (or potentially contaminated)
operations
Four principles guide the administration of
antimicrobial agent for prophylaxis

• Safety
• An appropriate narrow spectrum of coverage of relevrult pathogens
• Little or no reliance on the agent for therapy of.infecrlon (because of the
possible induction of resistance with heavy usage)
• Administration within 1 hour before surgery and for a defined brief period
thereafter
Principle of antibiotic therapy
• Antimicrobial therapy is a mainstay of the treatment of infections, but
widespread overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led
to an alarming increase in MDR pathogens
• Effective
therapy with no toxicity requires a carefuJ bur expeditious search
for the source of infection and an understru1ding of the principles of PK
Terima kasih

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