 Generally the Political system is composed

of different components i.e bureaucracy,

religious and political elites etc and all these
inter dependent components are assigned a
specific role to play within the prescribed
jurisdiction.
Section-I Explains all those factors responsible for
the ascendancy of the bureaucratic elites in the
politics of Pakistan.

Section-II Covers the role of bureaucratic elites in

policy making of Pakistan (1947-54).

Section-III Covers the era of bureaucratic

ascendancy during (1954-58).
Causes of Bureaucratic Ascendancy in Pakistan

 Lack of Trained Politicians

 Lack of Popular support and power base of Politicians
 Fragmentation in the rank of Muslim League
 Our Bureaucracy- A Colonial Heritage
 Indoctrination of Elitism in Training Academy
 Retention of Vice Regal powers by Jinnah
 Early problems of Pakistan
 Unwillingness of Bureaucrats to Curtail their Powers
 Curtailments of Political Process by imposition of
legal restrictions on Political activities
PART II
Bureaucratic elites and policy making in Pakistan
(1947-51)
 Jinnah’s personal decision to become Governor General
instead of Prime Minister of Pakistan
 He had appointed British Bureaucrats as governors of
provinces, believing that their experience and bureaucratic
acumen were necessary for Pakistan survival in its early
stages.
 During (1947-54) nine provincial governments were
dismissed.
 After Jinnah’s death shifted the focus of powers to the prime
minister’s office. For the survival of newly born state he
depended on the bureaucracy.
 Liaqat government call the opposition parties “the traitors”
and passed the first act PRODA in 1949.
Bureaucratic elites and policy making in Pakistan during
(1951-54)

 Bureaucratic elites took strong hold over decision making and it was
enjoyed by the cabinet secretariat which was manned by the bureaucrats.

 After Liaqat’s death resulted in the conversion of the office of

governor General into an instrument of bureaucratic intervention.

 Under Ghulam Muhammad the bureaucratic elites established a

paternalistic relationship with the politicians and thus aborted the
process of party politics.

 Section 92 A .
 Major Steps

 Dismissal of Khwaja Nazimmudin as a Prime Minister of Pakistan

 Appointment of Mohammad Ali Bogra as the Prime Minister of Pakistan

 Dismissal of Fazl-ul-Haq The Chief Minister of East Pakistan and the

imposition of Governor rule in the province.

 Bogra efforts for the reformation of the Bureaucracy

 Dissolution of the constitution assembly of Pakistan

Bureaucratic Elites and Policy Making in Pakistan (1954-58)

 Governor General Iskandar Mirza

Decentralized autonomous tendencies in the provinces

To control the politician with the help of divide and rule policy
Major Steps

 One Unit Scheme

 Formation of the Republican Party

 Constitution of 1956
Conclusion

 During 1947-58 bureaucracy performed the twin functions of

policy making and policy implementation.

 Bureaucratic structure based on colonial pattern

 The politicization of the bureaucracy was by default as well,

because the politicians belonged to the landowning class, thus
lack of political experience and unity among their rank.

 From 1947-54, the bureaucratic elites did not create political

crises by themselves rather they took benefits from the already
prevailing crises.

 Government of India Act 1935 which empower Governor

General