Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Public Health
Medical University of Lublin
Project realized by:
Prailida Praditukrit
Ligia Nechifor
Vasinee Langkasood
• Demographic condition:
– Age: 15 – 24 years (first abuse);
– Gender: Male >Female;
– Cannabis > Amphetaminetype stimulants >
ecstasy (MDMA) > Cocaine and opiates > Heroin.
General Characteristics
• Sign and symptoms
Physical Behavioral
glazed eyes - increased aggression or irritability
-dilated or constricted pupils - changes in personality
- abrupt weight changes - lethargy
- problems in sleeping - depression
- involvement in criminal
activity
Demographic Conditions
• Cannabis use, the highest levels have been reported in
Oceania, North America and Africa.
• Cocaine use is highest in North and South America and
Western Europe and Oceania.
• Opiate use is found primarily in the Near and Middle East,
Central Asia, Europe and North America
• ATS use in Oceania, East and SouthEast Asia, North America
and Europe.
Sociological Aspects
• Chronic use can lead to short and longterm changes in the
brain.
• Cause mental health issues
– Paranoia, depression, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations,
etc.
• People addicted to drugs are roughly twice as likely to suffer
from mood and anxiety disorders.
Etiopathogenic Factors
• Teenager;
• Male;
• Peer Influence:
– Being teased and criticized by friends;
– Want to be accepted by friend;
• Community Influence:
– more environmental risk factors;
– type of neighborhood;
– lack of leisure facilities;
– normalized attitude towards drug abuse.
Etopathogenic Factors
• Family:
– parents play the greatest role in the development of the child
in the home and the family;
– Divorce parents;
– Lost parents. More drug abuse in child
Topics
3. Main functions of health care system in the prophylactic and rehabilitation
processes:
A. Prevention;
B. Rehabilitation.
4. Ecological Health Models:
C. Individual behavior;
D. Physical Environment;
E. Psychosocial Environment ;
F. Lifestyle.
3. Main functions of health care system in the prophylactic and rehabilitation
processes
The health care system’s focus is usually put on adolescents and young adults, because they
are most prone to drug addiction.
• The rewardrelated circuit in the cortical
and subcortical regions of the brain.
• The regions in yellow and red are the most
active.
• Our brains are wired to increase the odds
that we will repeat pleasurable activities.
• Preventing the use in primary years is the
best way to prevent addiction.
A. Prevention
• Universal programs address risk and protective
factors common to all children in a given setting, such as
a school or community;
• Selective programs are for groups of children and
teens who have specific factors that put them at increased
risk of drug use;
• Indicated programs are designed for youth who have
already started using drugs.
NIDA's Special Initiatives for Students, Teachers, and Parents:
1. Heads Up: Real News About Drugs and Your Body – A drug education series for
students in grades 6 to 12;
2. NIDA for Teens – A website for teens (with resources for educators and parents) that
provides ageappropriate facts on drugs;
3. National Drug and Alcohol Facts Week – A weeklong observance that encourages
communitybased events and dialogue between teens and scientists about drugs and
alcohol;
4. Drug and Alcohol Facts Chat Day – A web chat between NIDA scientists and teens,
held through school computer labs once a year during National Drug and Alcohol Facts
Week.
Publications on Prevention and Treatment Principles:
• Preventing Drug Use among Children and Adolescents: A Research
Based Guide for Parents, Educators, and Community Leaders;
• Parental monitoring;
• School drug prevention programs.
B. Drug Rehabilitation
Is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive
substances. The main objective is attempting to teach the patient new methods of
interacting in a drugfree environment.
Various types of programs include:
• residential treatment (inpatient/ outpatient);
• local support groups;
• extended care centers;
• recovery or sober houses;
• addiction counselling;
• mental health and medical care.
Many of the rehabilitation centers guide their outline on the Twelvestep programs,
originally published in the book Alcoholics Anonymous in 1939.
Exempli Gratia
• SMART Recovery was founded by Joe Gerstein in 1994 by basing REBT as a
foundation. Objectives of the SMART Recovery programs are:
1. Building and Maintaining Motivation;
2. Coping with Urges;
3. Managing Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors;
4. Living a Balanced Life.
4. Ecological Health Models
A. Individual behavior
• Proximal social factors may be more important, than distal social factors;
• Signs and different aspects of people who consume drugs are: unable to
meet their obligations, tired, sad, depressed; secrecy, paranoia;
selfishness, dishonesty; restlessness; manipulation, frustrated,
frightened; forgetfulness, impulsiveness, frequent mood swings.
B. Physical Environment
• This involves the totality of materials at the disposal of the individual,
which leads him to procure the drug, such as suitable places and periods
of time for drug usage, financial status, drugdealers in contact,
producing one’s own means (plants factory) etc.
C. Psychosocial Environment
• There is a compulsory social impact, in the case of drug addiction;
• Attitudes and behaviors held by a social group are actively transmitted and diffused among its
individual members;
• Common Behavior Traits of an Addict:
1. They lie;
2. They manipulate;
3. They are very likely to be engaged in criminal acts;
4. An addict will shift the blame;
5. An addict is very likely to become abusive.
Social media may have a great impact on drug addiction
D. Lifestyle
• This point refers to individuals who encounter activities that make them
prone to developing drugaddiction, such as spending their spare time in
bad entourages, compulsory tendency to rebellion, to try new and
tempting things, forbidden, breaking the law multiple times etc.
Some of the damage drug use can cause includes:
• Impaired Relationships;
• Poor Physical Health;
• Poor School/Work Performance;
• Criminal Charges.
U
r
b
a
n
i
z The stress resulting from living in high
income disparity/disadvantaged urban
a areas with chronic exposure to
threatening conditions may be
t associated with interindividual
o tension and likelihood of violence, which
in turn may result in increasing levels of
n substance misuse.
Delivery of services in health system
- Primary care;
- Secondary care;
- Tertiary care.
Primary care
Sub-district
• Health centers;
• Community medical
centers;
• Private clinics.
• Pharmacy.
Secondary care District
- District hospitals
- Public hospitals
- Provincial hospitals
Province - Regional hospitals
- Private hospitals