Transformer

Core vs Shell
Type
Transformer
Equivalent Circuit
𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑠
𝑎= = =
𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑝
Short Circuit Test
• Determine series impedance
• Short the secondary winding
• Apply voltage where rated current is on the primary winding is
achieved
𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑞 + 𝑋𝑒𝑞
𝑃𝑆𝐶
• 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 2
𝐼𝑆𝐶
𝑉𝑆𝐶 +
• 𝑍𝑒𝑞 =
𝐼𝑆𝐶 𝑉𝑆𝐶
-
2 2
• 𝑋𝑒𝑞 = 𝑍𝑒𝑞 − 𝑅𝑒𝑞
Open Circuit Test
• To determine shunt impedance
• Apply rated voltage in the primary winding with the secondary open-
circuited
2
𝑉𝑂𝐶
• 𝑅𝑐 = 𝐼𝑂𝐶 𝑅𝑒𝑞 + 𝑋𝑒𝑞
𝑃𝑂𝐶
1 𝐼𝑂𝐶 2 1
• = − +
𝑋𝑚 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝑅𝑐2
𝑉𝑂𝐶
-
SPECIFICATIONS
MAIN WINDING SPECIFICATIONS. The primary voltage should be 220 VAC.
The secondary voltage should be 110 VAC at 30 VA.
COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER TRANSFORMERS. Your transformer must be
compatible for use with at least two other transformers designed by your
classmates, that is, you can operate them safely in parallel and in three-phase
applications.
TESTS. Your transformer must withstand the following tests:
 OPEN CIRCUIT TEST. Your transformer must produce open-circuit secondary and
auxiliary voltage outputs within +/- 5% of 110 VAC and 24 VAC respectively when a 220
VAC voltage is supplied to the primary winding.
 10-MINUTE TEST. Your transformer must be able to operate at full-load without the 110
VAC output voltage exceeding +/- 5% of its initial loaded voltage.
 STRESS TEST I. Your transformer must be able to withstand the tests done during the
exercise on single-phase transformer characterization which includes transformer
winding polarity test, open-circuit test, short circuit test, voltage regulation
characterization, auto-transformer operation, and parallel operation.
 STRESS TEST II. Your transformer must be able to withstand the tests done during the
exercise on three-phase transformer connections.
 RUBRIC FOR DP: SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

10% Progress Report: Primary winding safely energized.

25% Open Circuit test: Outputs within 5% tolerance limits.

25% 10-minute test: Safe operation within limits in ten minutes.

10% Stress Test I: Safe operation during 1p Transformer exercise.

10% Stress Test II: Safe operation during 3p Transformer exercise.

20% The report is complete and well-presented.

+10% max Total development cost does not exceed 400 PhP: ____

+5% max Artistic appeal: ____

-5% ea. No. of blown fuses and tripped CBs: ____

Design Consideration
• Core size and shape
• Recommended to use E and I laminated sheets
• Transformer rating specifications
• Number of turns
• Conductor sizes and rating
• Polarity
Schedule
Oct 4 – give DP specs

Oct 11 – free lab

Oct 18 – computations and primary windings

Oct 25 – DP checking

Nov 8 – Documentation Submission in UVLE