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nervous system is the part of an

animal that coordinates its actions by


transmitting signals to and from different
parts of its body. And it is also built from
the billions of interconnected cells called
NEURONS.
 Cell Membrane – protects the cell body.

 Dendrites– receivers of sensory


impulses from other neutrons.

 Axons – are extended long fibers that


carry the neural messages to the
dendrites of the next neuron.
 Sensory Neurons – carry information to
the brain and located in the sense organ.

 MotorNeurons – are found in the muscles


and glands.

 ConnectorNeurons – are found in the


brain and spinal chord.
neurons sends information through its
axon in the form of nerve impulses. It
contains chemical and ions, the particles
that carry either positive or negative
electrical charges.
is the space between the axon of one
neuron and the dendrite’s of another
neuron and the gap between them is
referred to as synaptic juncture.
 Acetylcholine(Ach) – its control activity in
brain areas connected with attention,
learning and memory.
 GABA(gamma aminobutyric acid) – is an
inhibitory neurotransmitter that is
distributed in the neurons of the cortex.
 Norepinephrine – is a neurotransmitter that
is important for attentiveness, emotions,
sleeping, dreaming, and learning.
 Dopamine – controls arousal levels in
many parts of the brain and is vital for
giving physical emotion.

 Serotonin– this is neurotransmitter


enhanced by prozac and has thus
become known as the “feel-good”
chemical.

 Endorphins – modulate pain, reduce


stress and promote a sensation of floaty,
oceanic calm.
 The Central Nervous System(CNS)
consists of the brain and the spinal
chord. The spinal chord primary function
Is to relay messages between the brain
and the body, but it the some processing
information on its own. There are sensory
messages that do not pass through the
brain. These are called “reflexes”.
Reflexes are inborn, automatic response
of some parts of the body.
Hindbrain is divided into:

 Medulla oblongata
 Pons
 Cerebellum
 Thalamus
 Hypothalamus
 Cerebrum
There are two important parts of the brain:

 Limbic system is a structure under the


cerebral cortex that is important in
memory and emotion. Its two principal
structures are Amygdala and
Hippocampus.

 Reticular
activating system (RAS) – is
responsible for consciousness, attention
and sleep. The forebrain is composed of
two hemispheres, the left and the right
hemisphere.
 The Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)
- Its main function is to take
information to and from the brain and
spinal cord and to carry out the
commands of the central nervous system.

The PNS itself has 2 major divisions:

a. Somatic Nervous System


b. Automatic Nervous System
2 parts of autonomic nervous system:

1. Sympathetic system – prepares the


body to respond to psychological and
physical stress.
2. Parasympathetic system – maintains the
balance in the body when the level of
psychological and physical stress is low
or high.
The Endocrine System
- is the system of glands that secretes
hormones.

The endocrine glands consists of:

 Pituitary Glands
 Adrenal Glands
 Thyroid Glands
 Parathyroid Glands
 Islet of Langerhans
 Gonads or The Sex Glands

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