Oxidation

Oxidation

One of the more simple forms of corrosion, and the most

common. “Dry corrosion” or oxidation occurs when a metal
like aluminum is exposed to a gas containing oxygen, a
chemical reaction takes place at the surface between the metal
and the gas. In this case, two aluminum atoms join three
oxygen atoms to form aluminum oxide.

2
Al + 3 O --> Al2 O3
If the metal is iron or steel ( ferrous metal), two atoms of iron will
join three atoms of oxygen and form iron oxide or rust.

2 Fe + 3 O --->Fe2O3
There is one big difference between iron oxide and aluminum
oxide. The film of aluminum oxide is unbroken, and once it is
formed, further reaction with the oxygen continues a greatly
reduced rate; almost stops. Iron oxide, on the other hand, forms a
porous interrupted film, and the metal will continue to react with
the oxygen in the air until the metal is completely eaten away.
Oxidation prevention

In order to protect iron from rusting, the best procedure is to prevent

oxygen coming into contact with the surface. This may be done
temporarily by covering the surface with oil or grease, or for more
permanent protection, with a coat of paint.
Aluminum alloy may be protected from oxidation by the formation of
an oxide film on its surface. This film insulates the aluminum from
any electrolyte ( gas or liquid ), and will not further react with the
oxygen.
Pitting
Pitting

A logical progression from uniform surface corrosion. If left untreated, is

called pitting. Pits form as localized anodic areas.
Corrosive action may continue until an appreciable percentage of the metal
thickness is converted into salts which may, in extreme cases, eat completely
through the metal. Pitting corrosion may be detected by the appearance of
clumps of white powder on the surface.