S.

Ajay Kumar
177Z1A0594
 Pollution
 Pollutant
 Classification of Pollutants
 Classification of Pollution
 Auto mobile and Industrial pollution
 Ambient Air Quality Standards
Hg salt
 1. Particulate Pollutants: Their size ranges from
100 μm to 0.1 μm and less. Larger particles like
sand and water droplets quickly settle down in still
air and smaller particle s like dust remain in air for
longer time whereas very fine particles like tobacco
smoke do not settle down at all.
 Particulates are classified as-
1) Dust: Size 1 to 200 micrometers. These are
formed by natural disintegration of rock and soil or
by the mechanical process of grinding and spraying
2)Smoke: Size 0.001 to 1 micrometer. This can be
liquid or solid and are form by combustionor
other chemical process.
3)Fumes: Size 0.1 to 1 micrometer. There are solid
particles which are normally released from
chemical or metallurgical processes in industries.
4)Mist: Size < 10 micrometer. It is made up of
liquid droplets. These are formed by
condensation in the atmospheric or released
from industrial operations.
Effects: Respiratory problems- asthma, chronic
respiratory disease, lung cancer etc.
1.Oxides of sulphur:
 Sources: Chemical industries, metal smelting, pulp and
paper mills, oil refineries.
 SO2 is a colorless gas with a characteristic, sharp,
pungent odor. It is moderately soluble in water forming
weak acid H2SO3. It is oxidized slowly in clean air to SO3.
 Effects:
1. SO2 and moisture can accelerate the corrosion of steel,
copper, zinc and other metals.

2. Clothes, leather and Paper are discolored by SO2.

3. 8 – 12 ppm of SO2 - immediate throat infection, 10 ppm

SO2 – eye irritation, 20 ppm – immediate coughing.
2. Nitrogen Dioxide: Sources are natural and
manmade.
 Naturally nitrogen dioxide comes from high energy
radiation, biological and non-biological activities
(lightening, radiations, bacterial decomposition etc).
 Man-made nitrogen dioxide comes from burning of
fossil fuels,process, pesticide industries, automobiles
etc.
Effects:
1.NO2 combine with hydrocarbons to form
photochemical smog which cause most damage to
human health.
2.In lungs NO2 converts to nitrous and nitric acids
which are highly irritating and cause damage to the
lung tissues.
3.It causes acid rain and cancer.
 Automobiles are a necessary evil, while they
have made living easy and convenient, they
have also made human life more complicated
and vulnerable to toxic emissions.
 Sources of Automobile Pollutants:
i. Hydrocarbons
ii. Carbon monoxide (CO)
iii. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
iv. Sulfur oxide (SOx)
i. Prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons
contributes to asthma, liver disease, and
cancer, overexposure of carbon monoxide
poisoning may be fatal.
ii. NOx is a precursor to smog and acid rain.
NOx is a mixture of NO and NO2. NO2
destroys resistance to respiratory
infection.
There are a number of types of management
that can be adopted:
1. Removing inefficient and grossly polluting
vehicles.
2. Adopting measures to manage the use of
motor vehicles.
3. Complete electrification of railway lines.
4. Use of pollution free fuels for vehicles. Ex.
Alcohol, hydrogen, battery power etc.
5. Use non lead antiknock agent in gasoline.
 Industrial pollution is generally referred to
the undesirable outcome when factories (or
other industrial plants) emits harmful by-
products and waste into the environment.
 such as emissions to water bodies (water
pollution), deposition on landfills etc (land
pollution) or emission of toxic chemicals into
the atmosphere (air pollution).
Air pollution Water pollution