site of chemical gel like substance containing cell site of chemical gel like substance containing

cytoplasm membrane reactions in the cell enzymes to catalyse the reactions

reactions in the cell enzymes to catalyse the reactions
bacterial not in nucleus floats
contains genetic controls the activities of the cell and controls the function of the cell
nucleus DNA in the cytoplasm
material codes fro proteins
NOT made of
semi permeable controls the movement of cell wall supports and strengthens the cell
cell membrane cellulose
substances in and out of the cell
site of protein mRNA is translated to an amino acid plasmid small rings of DNA contain additional genes
ribosome
synthesis chain
controls the movement of
site of respiration where energy is released for the cell cytoplasm semi permeable
mitochondrion substances in and out of the cell
to function
animal cell Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells
Eukaryotes complex AQA
organisms Prokaryotes simpler
plant cell Cell Structure organisms

contains all the parts of animal cells plus extras carry

nerve long branched connections and

specialised animal cells

electrical
permanent contains cell sap keeps cell turgid, contains insulating sheath
signals
vacuole sugars and salts in solution
streamlined with a long tail
sperm fertilise an
supports and strengthens the acrosome containing enzymes
cell wall made of cellulose egg
cell large number of mitochondria
contract to contains a large number of

Specialised cells
site of contains chlorophyll, absorbs muscle
chloroplast allow mitochondria
photosynthesis light energy movement long

how a cell changes and becomes specialised Cell differentiation absorb water hair like projections to increase the
Undifferentiated call are called STEM cells root hair and minerals surface area

specialised plant cells

from soil
Microscopy
animal cell differentiation plant cell differentiation TRANSPIRATION - dead cells
carry water
xylem cell walls toughened by lignin
and minerals
early stages of flows in one direction
development
all stages of life cycle the magnification M = size of image I
stem cells are grouped TRANSLOCATION - living cells cells
only for repair and real size of the object A carry glucose
together in meristems phloem have end plates with holes
replacement flows in both directions

Feature Light (optical) microscope Electron microscope PREFIXES

eyepiece lens
Radiation used Light rays Electron beams Prefix Multiple Standard form
objective lens
Max magnification ~ 1500 times ~ 2 000 000 times centi (cm) 1 cm = 0.01 m x 10 -2
focusing wheel
Resolution 200nm 0.2nm milli (mm) 1 mm = 0.001 m x 10 -3
stage
Size of microscope Small and portable Very large and not portable micro (𝛍m) 1 𝛍m = 0.000 001 m x 10 -6
light source
Cost ~£100 for a school one Several £100,000 to £1 million plus nano (nm) 1nm = 0.000 000 001 m x 10 -9

better hope – brighter future

 site of chemical gel like substance containing site of chemical gel like substance containing
reactions in the cell enzymes to catalyse the reactions reactions in the cell enzymes to catalyse the reactions
not in nucleus floats
contains genetic controls the activities of the cell and controls the function of the cell
material codes fro proteins in the cytoplasm
NOT made of
semi permeable controls the movement of supports and strengthens the cell
cellulose
substances in and out of the cell
site of protein mRNA is translated to an amino acid small rings of DNA contain additional genes
synthesis chain
controls the movement of
site of respiration where energy is released for the cell semi permeable
substances in and out of the cell
to function
Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells
Eukaryotes complex AQA
organisms Prokaryotes simpler
Cell Structure organisms

contains all the parts of animal cells plus extras carry

long branched connections and

specialised animal cells

electrical
contains cell sap keeps cell turgid, contains insulating sheath
signals
sugars and salts in solution
streamlined with a long tail
fertilise an
supports and strengthens the acrosome containing enzymes
made of cellulose egg
cell large number of mitochondria
contract to contains a large number of

Specialised cells
site of contains chlorophyll, absorbs allow mitochondria
photosynthesis light energy movement long

Cell differentiation absorb water hair like projections to increase the

and minerals surface area

specialised plant cells

from soil
Microscopy
animal cell differentiation plant cell differentiation TRANSPIRATION - dead cells
carry water
cell walls toughened by lignin
and minerals
early stages of flows in one direction
all stages of life cycle the
development TRANSLOCATION - living cells cells
stem cells are grouped carry glucose
only for repair and have end plates with holes
together in meristems
replacement flows in both directions

Feature Light (optical) microscope Electron microscope PREFIXES

Light rays Electron beams Prefix Multiple Standard form
~ 1500 times ~ 2 000 000 times 1 cm = 0.01 m x 10 -2

200nm 0.2nm 1 mm = 0.001 m x 10 -3

Small and portable Very large and not portable 1 𝛍m = 0.000 001 m x 10 -6

~£100 for a school one Several £100,000 to £1 million plus 1nm = 0.000 000 001 m x 10 -9

better hope – brighter future

 gel like substance containing gel like substance containing
enzymes to catalyse the reactions enzymes to catalyse the reactions

controls the activities of the cell and controls the function of the cell
codes fro proteins
controls the movement of supports and strengthens the cell
substances in and out of the cell
mRNA is translated to an amino acid contain additional genes
chain
controls the movement of
where energy is released for the cell substances in and out of the cell
to function
Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells
Eukaryotes complex AQA
organisms Prokaryotes simpler
Cell Structure organisms

contains all the parts of animal cells plus extras carry

long branched connections and

specialised animal cells

electrical
keeps cell turgid, contains insulating sheath
signals
sugars and salts in solution
streamlined with a long tail
fertilise an
supports and strengthens the acrosome containing enzymes
egg
cell large number of mitochondria
contract to contains a large number of

Specialised cells
contains chlorophyll, absorbs allow mitochondria
light energy movement long

Cell differentiation absorb water hair like projections to increase the

and minerals surface area

specialised plant cells

from soil
Microscopy
TRANSPIRATION - dead cells
carry water
cell walls toughened by lignin
and minerals
early stages of flows in one direction
all stages of life cycle the
development TRANSLOCATION - living cells cells
stem cells are grouped carry glucose
only for repair and have end plates with holes
together in meristems
replacement flows in both directions

Feature Light (optical) microscope Electron microscope PREFIXES

Light rays Electron beams Prefix Multiple Standard form
~ 1500 times ~ 2 000 000 times x 10 -2

200nm 0.2nm x 10 -3

Small and portable Very large and not portable x 10 -6

~£100 for a school one Several £100,000 to £1 million plus x 10 -9

better hope – brighter future

 Bacterial cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells
Eukaryotes complex AQA
organisms Prokaryotes simpler
Cell Structure organisms

contains all the parts of animal cells plus extras

specialised animal cells

Specialised cells
Cell differentiation absorb water

specialised plant cells

and minerals
Microscopy from soil

carry water
and minerals

carry glucose

Feature Light (optical) microscope Electron microscope PREFIXES

Prefix Multiple Standard form

better hope – brighter future