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UNSTEADY WAVE MOTION

 Introduction
 Moving Normal Shock Waves
 Reflected Shock Wave
 Wave Propagation (Physical Picture)
 Element of Acoustic theory
 Finite (Non Linier) Wave
 Incident and Reflected Shock Waves
 Finite Compression Waves
Shock tube is widely
used in:
• Study of high
temperature gases.
• Chemical kinetics.
• Inside the shock tube,
the temperature can
reach 500-4000 K

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Introduction

 The wave propagates in space forward where the gas


motion in front of the wave has zero velocity
 The moving wave induces the gas behind it to move in
the same direction as the wave
 All properties in the flow field change with respect to
both x and t

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Introduction

 Unsteady shock wave

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Moving Normal Shock Waves

Sudden Motion of Piston in Tube (Shock Tube)

What’s happen in What’s happen in


this space? this space?

Expansion Wave Compression Wave


 Pressure ?  Pressure ?
 Velocity ?  Velocity ?

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Moving Normal Shock Waves

Speed of the Waves

up up

Expansion Wave Compression Wave

p p

x x

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Shock tube at initial condition

The driver and driven


gas typically have
different properties

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Shock tube after the diagprahm is broken

What will happen


with the initial
pressure as shown
below?

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Shock tube after the diagprahm is broken

Expansion wave will Expansion wave will


be formed on the left be formed on the right
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Moving Normal Shock Waves

The Shock Tube


Driver gas Diaphragm Driven gas

4 HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE 1


Time 0

a4 a3 - up up W
4 3 2 1
Time 1

Expansion wave Contact surface Shock


p

x
a4 a3 - up
up WR
4 3 5
Time 2

2
Expansion wave Contact surface Reflected Shock
p

x
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Moving Normal Shock Waves

The Shock Tube


a4 a3 - up
up WR
4 3 5
Time 2

2
Expansion wave Contact surface Reflected Shock
p

t
5
2 t=2
3
2
4 up
1 t=1

Shock Tube 1
x- t Diagram
x
0
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Wave diagram
Moving Normal Shock Waves

The Shock Tube


a4 a3 - up
up WR
4 3 5
Time 2

2
Expansion wave Contact surface Reflected Shock
p

t
5
2 t=2
3
2
4 up
1 t=1

Shock Tube 1
x- t Diagram
x
0
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Wave diagram
Reflected shock

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Moving Normal Shock Waves

The Pressure Collapse Problem


FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL SITUATION REPRESENTED BY
THE SHOCK TUBE
Moving Normal Shocks
IDENTICAL TO A STATIONARY SHOCK – ONLY DIFFERENCE IS FRAME OF REFERENCE

Fixed Frame of Reference (shock in rest) Frame of Reference Moving With Shock

u2 u1 u2’=W - up u1’=W

p2 p1

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Governing equations for normal shock wave

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Moving Normal Shock Waves

Relation for Mass motion velocity


Up = f(p1/p2)

Frame of Reference Moving With Shock

u2’=W - up u1’=W

p2 p1

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Example

Driven Flow in a Shock Tube

Schlieren shows density ratio of 3.0 across shock.


Find shock Mach number mass motion velocity and p and T after shock

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Example

Driven Flow in a Shock Tube

p2= 568.7 kPa, T2= 567.6K

M1'=2.24
M2'=0.542

up=519m/s
W=778m/s

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Example

Driven Flow in a Shock Tube

 Time until shock strikes probe?


 Driver gas strikes probe?
 Mach number of probe just after shock passes
 p and T at nose of probe just after shock passes
 What happens when shock reaches end of tube

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What happens when shock reaches end of tube ?

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What happens when shock reaches end of tube ?

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What happens when shock reaches end of tube ?

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Reflected Shock Relation

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