IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATIONS OF IR

SPECTROSCOPY
Group members

■ Muhammad Irfan Malik (52)

■ Khizar Nasir (24)
■ Muhammad Sohail (22)
■ Faryal Nawaz (18)
■ Anam Altaf (16)
Objectives of the presentation:-

■ What is spectroscopy
■ What is Infrared spectroscopy
■ Importance of IR spectroscopy
■ Applications of IR spectroscopy
Introduction
What is spectroscopy?
Spectroscopy is the study of interaction between
matter and electromagnetic radiations.

Explanation of key terms: (Matter is anything which have some mass and it occupy
some volume while electromagnetic radiations are those radiation which require no
medium for their propagation).
IR spectroscopy
It deals with the absorption of radiations in the
infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
IR spectroscopy gives:

■ Sufficient information about structure

■ Large number of absorption band from which a
wealthy information about the structure can be
derived
Importance of IR spectroscopy
■ IR spectrum gives sufficient information about the structure.
■ Helpful in the identification of functional group of a
particular compound.
■ Used as an analytical tool for the purity of a compound.
■ Unlike UV spectroscopy IR spectroscopy provides spectrum
with a large numbers of absorption bands.
“Vibrational rotational spectroscopy”

The absorption of IR
radiations by a molecule
causes change in their
vibrational and rotational
energy levels.
Molecular Vibrations:-
There are two types of molecular vibrations
.

1- Stretching vibrations.

2- Bending vibrations
Types of stretching vibration:-
■ Symmetrical vibrations.

■ Asymmetrical vibrations.
There are different bands present in the IR
spectra which correspond to various
Functional Groups and bonds which are
present in that particular molecule that is
being analyzed
 INFRARED ABSORBANCE
Different functional groups have different absorbances.
The IR spectrum can be divided into three
main regions:
■ Near IR region infrared (13000 – 4000 cm-1 or 0.78
– 2.5 μm)
■ Mid IR region (4000 – 400 cm-1 or 2.5 – 25 μm).
■ Far IR region (400 – 10 cm-1 or 25 – 1000 μm).
 The mid region is further divided into two regions
Functional group region
Finger print region
Example:
Applications of IR spectroscopy
Since different molecules with different
combination of atoms produce their unique
spectra, infrared spectroscopy can be used to
qualitatively identify substances.
Qualitative analysis:
■ Progress of a chemical reaction.
Progress of chemical reaction can be determined by examining a small portion of the
reaction mixture.

Example:-
Detection of impurities:-
If any additional peaks are observed in IR spectrum then impurities can
be detected.
 Geometric Isomerism
We can distinguish between Cis and Trans isomers by using IR
spectroscopy. Trans isomers are non-polar with zero dipole moment
while in Cis isomers a change in dipole moment is observed.
Quantitative analysis:-

■ Measurement of alcohol content in suspected driver’s

blood.
■ Measurements of paints and varnishes.
■ In industry.
Measurement of alcohol content in suspected driver’s blood

Alcohol content in the breath of suspected driver is measured using

an absorption band at 3.44 um.
Many states have adapted a blood alcohol content of under 0.08%
as the legal limit, that is, above this level driver is presumed to be
under the influence of alcohol.
 Measurement of paints and varnishes
Paints are analyzed by “reflectance analysis” by measuring IR absorbance
of paints on appliances or automobiles without destroying the surface. And
in this way age of the automobiles and appliances can be determined from
IR spectral analysis.
 Application in Industry
IR spectroscopy can be used in industrial analysis for:
Determining the impurities in the final product in order to
insure quality of the product.
Identification of material made in industrial research lab.
■ References:-
Analytical chemistry by Gary D. Christian
(page 488-90).
Spectroscopy by D.R.Browning (page42-45)
ANY QUESTIONS