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FACIES
BY:
Syed Junaid Ali Shah
Affan Ahmed Siddiqui
What is facies?
Facie is character of a rock expressed by its formation,
composition, and fossil content.
Now there are,
I. Lithofacies
II. Biofacies
III. ichnofacies
Depositional system
Depositional system is the combination of physical,
chemical and biological processes associated with the
deposition of types of sediments and the rock types that
will be formed after lithification.
Types of depositional system
I. Continental
II. Transitional
III. Marine
Depositional model:
Continental system
There are four types of continental depositional systems.
Alluvial
Aeolian
Fluvial
Lacustrine
Alluvial deposits
It consists of silt, sand, clay, and
gravel, as well as much organic
matter.
When this loose alluvial material
is deposited or cemented into a
lithological unit, it is called
an alluvial deposit.
On the basis of depositional
process, alluvial fans can be
divided into
I. Debris flow-dominated fans
II. Stream flow-dominated fans
• Sediments on alluvial fans are typically poorly sorted
and include abundant gravel-size detritus.
Aeolian deposits
Aeolian process occurs due to turbulent action of wind.
The Winds may erode, transport and deposit loose fine
grained material from one place to another.
Aeolian processes mostly occur in arid environments such as
deserts.
There are many structures and bedforms that are formed.
Such as ripples, sand dunes, and cross-beds.
three kinds of deposits, dust deposits,sand deposits
lag deposits
Features like Valleys, canyons, flat regions plains and sand
dunes are formed.
Aeolian Facie model:
Fluvial deposits
Fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and
the deposits landforms created by them.
It includes the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition
on the river bed.
There are different channel patterns in fluvial system,
I. Straight river channel
II. Braided river channel
III. Meandering river channel
IV. Anastomosing river channel
Fluvial facie model:
Lacustrine deposits
Lacustrine deposits is that a river or stream channel has
carried sediment into the basin
Lacustrine deposits form in all lake types including
rift graben lakes, oxbow lakes glacial lakes, and crater
lakes.
Lacustrine environments, like seas, are large bodies of
water.
Lacustrine deposits are typically very well sorted with
highly laminated beds of silts, clays, and occasionally
carbonates.
Lacustrine facie model:
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