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Hand and Power Tool Safety

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OSHA Regulations
For General Industry
• 1910 Subpart P - Hand and Portable Power
Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment
• 1910.241 - Definitions
• 1910.242 - Hand and portable powered tools
and equipment, general
• 1910.243 - Guarding of portable powered tools
• 1910.244 - Other portable tools and equipment

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What the Regulations
Say About Hand Tools
Each employer shall be responsible
for the safe condition of tools and
equipment used by employees,
including tools and equipment which
may be furnished by employees

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Hazards
Workers using hand and
power tools may be
exposed to these hazards:
 Objects that fall, fly, are
abrasive, or splash
 Harmful dusts, fumes,
mists, vapors, and gases
 Frayed or damaged
electrical cords,
hazardous connections
and improper grounding

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Basic Tool Safety Rules

• Maintain regularly
• Use right tool for the job
• Inspect before use
• Operate according to
manufacturers’ instructions
• Use the right personal
protective equipment (PPE)
• Use guards

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Machine Guarding
Point of Operation

That point where work is performed on


the material, such as cutting, shaping,
boring, or forming of stock must be
guarded!

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Machine Guarding
Requirements for Safeguards
Prevent contact - prevent worker’s Create no new hazards - must not
body or clothing from contacting have shear points, jagged edges or
hazardous moving parts unfinished surfaces
Secure - firmly secured to machine Create no interference - must not
and not easily removed prevent worker from performing the
Protect from falling objects - ensure job quickly and comfortably
that no objects can fall into moving Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be
parts able to lubricate the machine without
removing the safeguards

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Guarding
Guard exposed moving
parts of power tools

Guard belts, gears,


shafts, pulleys,
sprockets, spindles,
flywheels, chains, or
other moving parts

Never remove a guard


when a tool is in use

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Hand Tool Hazards
Hazards are usually caused by
misuse and improper maintenance

Do not use:
 wrenches when jaws are sprung
 impact tools (chisels and wedges) Crack
when heads have mushroomed
 tools with loose, cracked or
splintered handles
 a screwdriver as a chisel
 tools with taped handles – they
may be hiding cracks

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Proper Use

• Always use the right tool for the job.


Each tool is designed for a specific
function.
• Use only tools that are in good
condition. Do not use tools that are
damaged or not in good condition.
• Always wear eye protection to protect
your eyes from flying objects and tool
parts.
• Pay attention to positioning to ensure
that balance can be maintained and to
prevent muscle strain. 10
Screwdrivers
• Inspect the tip for
chips or cracks prior to
using. Discard and
replace any damaged
screwdriver. DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO USE a
damaged screwdriver.
• Use the correct tip for
the job (e.g. Don’t use
a Torx tip for a Phillips
tip application).
• Never use a
screwdriver as a
punch, wedge, pry bar,
or chisel.
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Hammers
• Inspect the tip of the
hammer for chips, cracks
or a mushroom head, the
handle for cracks, or
splintering, and that the
head is securely attached
to the handle
• Discard and replace any
damaged hammer. DO
NOT ATTEMPT TO USE a
damaged hammer!
• When using a hammer be
sure to position yourself
so that you can apply the
hammer blow square and
parallel to the surface
being struck 12
Wrenches
• Inspect the wrench handle and
head for chips and cracks.
Verify that the teeth are sharp
and not worn
• Discard and replace any
damaged wrench. DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO USE a damaged
wrench
• Position yourself so that you
can apply force to the wrench
so that your wrist is in-line with
your forearm

• Be sure your feet are securely positioned so that you


can maintain balance as you apply force to the wrench.
Always pull the wrench toward you instead of pushing
away from your body
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Chisels
• Inspect the chisel for a
chipped or bent tip, and the
head for mushrooming
• Discard and replace any
damaged chisel. DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO USE a damaged
chisel
• Always wear leather cloves
and safety goggles when
using a chisel
• Be sure that anyone who may
be present is positioned
behind you when you strike
the chisel head.

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Pliers
• Inspect the joint of the pliers
for smooth operation. The joint
should not be loose-fitting or
excessively resistant to
movement
• Check the handle and pliers
tips for cracks
• Discard and replace any
damaged pliers. DO NOT
ATTEMPT TO USE damaged
pliers
• Do not use a pliers as a
wrench. A pliers is designed
for gripping an object.

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Hand Saws
• Inspect the teeth of the saw for
visual wear or dullness
• Check that the handle is
securely mounted to the saw
blade
• Discard and replace any
damaged saw, or have the
teeth sharpened before using..
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE
damaged pliers
• Always wear leather gloves
when using a hand saw
• Make sure that the object being
cut is fixed securely to prevent
movement during cutting
• When cutting do not apply
excessive force and cause the
saw blade to bend. 16
Protection When Using Hand Tools

Use PPE - safety gloves


and eye protection

Keep floor surface


where working free from
debris and tripping or
slipping hazards

Keep cutting tools sharp

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Power Tools
Must be fitted with guards
and safety switches

Extremely hazardous
when used improperly

Different types,determined
by their power source:
 Electric
 Pneumatic
 Liquid fuel
 Hydraulic
 Powder-actuated

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Switches
Hand-held power tools must be
equipped with one of the following:

Constant pressure switch


shuts off power upon release
Examples: circular saw, chain saw,
grinder, hand-held power drill

On-Off Switch
Examples: routers, planers,
laminate trimmers, shears, jig
saws, nibblers, scroll saws

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Power Tools - Precautions
 Disconnect tools when not in use, before
servicing and cleaning, and when changing
accessories
 Keep people not involved with the work away
from the work
Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both
hands to operate the tool
Don’t hold the switch button while carrying a
plugged-in tool
Keep tools sharp and clean
Consider what you wear – loose clothing and
jewelry can get caught in moving parts
 Remove damaged electric tools & tag them:
“Do Not Use”
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Power Tools – Precautions
Electric Cords
Don’t carry portable
tools by the cord

Don’t use electric


cords to hoist or lower
tools

Don’t yank cord or


hose to disconnect it

Keep cords and hoses


away from heat, oil,
and sharp edges
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Electric Power Tools
To protect a worker from shock, these tools must:
 have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle
 be double insulated, or
 be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

Double
insulated
markings
Plug with a
grounding
pin

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Electric Tools – Good Practices
•Operate within design limits
• Use gloves and safety shoes
• Store in a dry place
• Don’t use in wet locations
unless approved for that
• Keep work areas well lit
• Ensure cords don’t present
a tripping hazard

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Taking Care Of Pneumatic Tools

Compressed air tools are commonly used


in many workplaces
Many workers take them for granted,
ignoring the hazards involved in their use
Compressed air is not "just air"
It's a focused stream of air driven at a
high velocity, which can cause serious
injury or death to its operator or
persons in the immediate area

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Pneumatic Tools
 Fooling around with compressed air can be lethal
 In one case, a blast of air playfully directed
behind a worker startled him and caused him to
fall against a moving piece of machinery
 A misdirected blast of compressed air can "pop"
an eyeball from its socket, rupture an eardrum or
cause a brain hemorrhage
 Directed at the mouth, it can rupture the lungs
and intestines
 If used to blow dust or dirt off clothing or body
parts, it can cause bubbles of air to enter the
blood stream, even through a layer of clothing,
and inflate and rupture body organs

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Pneumatic Tools
Powered by compressed air

Includes nailers, staplers,


chippers, drills & sanders

Main hazard - getting hit by Nail Gun -


a tool attachment or by a
fastener the worker is using Cut-Away View
with the tool

Take the same precautions


with an air hose that you
take with electric cords

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Liquid Fuel Tools

Usually gas powered

Main hazard – fuel


vapors

Use only approved Concrete Saw


flammable liquid
containers

Before refilling a fuel-


powered tool tank, shut
down the engine and
allow it to cool
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Sprayer
Powder-Actuated Tools
User must be trained and
licensed to operate

Test tool each day before


loading to ensure the safety
devices are working properly

Wear suitable ear, eye, and


face protection

Select a powder level that will


do the work without
excessive force

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Related Accident
 An employee was using a powder
actuated tool to install fasteners
through metal decking and into a
concrete floor above
 He shot at an angle, and the stud
went through the metal deck,
ricocheted, and struck him in the
head, killing him
 The employer was issued three
citations, two serious and one
willful.

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Fatal Fact

Employee killed when


struck in head by a nail
fired from a powder
actuated tool

Tool operator was


attempting to anchor a
plywood form in
preparation for pouring
a concrete wall

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Easily Penetrated Material
Avoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless
materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the
pin or fastener from passing through

Also, don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material


that might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet

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Powder-Actuated Tool Safety Tips
• Don’t use in explosive or flammable atmosphere
• Inspect tool before use to ensure:
it is clean
that moving parts operate freely
the barrel is free from obstructions and has
the proper shield, guard, and attachments
• Don’t load the tool unless using immediately
• Don’t leave a loaded tool unattended
• Keep hands clear of the barrel end
• Never point the tool at anyone
• Store unloaded in a locked box

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Homemade Tools
• Should never be used!
• Have not been third-party
tested and certified
• Engineering questionable or
non-existent

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Summary

Hazards are usually the result of improper tool


use or not following one or more of these
protection techniques:
 Inspecting the tool before use
 Using PPE
 Using guards
 Properly storing the tool
 Using safe handling techniques

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End Of Chapter Eleven

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