FISH

EMBRYOGENESIS
Group 3 – E Class
Aditya Tri Ananda 061711133097
Amalia Rosydinasari 061711133098
Anintiya Yuniar Mahdavitri 061711133100
Anindita Khairunnisa 061711133105
Jananni 061711133270
Fatin Nabillah 061711133271
EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN FISH
 In recent years, the teleost fish Danio rerio, known
as the zebrafish, has become a favorite organism of those
who wish to study vertebrate development because they
develop rapidly, so that at 24 hours after fertilization, the
embryo has formed most of its tissues and organ
primordia and displays the characteristic tadpole-like
form.
CLEAVAGE IN FISH EGGS
• Cleavage occurs only in the blastodisc.
• Meroblastic is the type of cleavage that the cell
divisions do not completely divide the egg.
• Since only the cytoplasm of the blastodisc
becomes the embryo, this type of meroblastic
cleavage is called discoidal.
Discoidal cleavage in a zebrafish egg. (A) 1-cell embryo. The mound atop the
cytoplasm is the blastodisc region. (B) 2-cell embryo. (C) 4-cell embryo. (D) 8-cell
embryo, wherein two rows of four cells are formed. (E) 32-cell embryo. (F) 64-cell
embryo, wherein the blastodisc can be seen atop the yolk cell.
• When transcription begins, cell divisions slow, and cell
movement becomes evident three distinct cell populations can
be distinguished. The first of these is the yolk syncytial
layer (YSL).
• Later, as the blastoderm expands vegetally to surround the
yolk cell, some of the yolk syncytial nuclei will move under the
blastoderm to form the internal YSL, and some of the nuclei
will move vegetally, staying ahead of the blastoderm margin,
to form external YSL
• The YSL will be important for directing some of the cell
movements of gastrulation.
• The second cell population distinguished at the midblastula
transition is the enveloping layer (EVL)
• Between the EVL and the YSL are the deep cells.
Fish blastula. (A) Prior to gastrulation, the deep cells are
surrounded by the EVL. The animal surface of the yolk cell is
flat and contains the nuclei of the YSL. Microtubules extend
through the yolky cytoplasm and through the external region of
the YSL. (B) Late-blastula stage embryo of the minnow
Fundulus, showing the external YSL. The nuclei of these cells
were derived from cells at the margin of the blastoderm, which
released their nuclei into the yolky cytoplasm. (C) Fate map of
the deep cells after cell mixing has stopped. The lateral view is
shown, and not all organ fates are labeled (for the sake of
clarity).
GASTRULATION IN FISH EMBRYO
 The first cell movement of fish gastrulation is
the epiboly of the blastoderm cells over the
yolk. In the initial phase, the deep blastoderm
cells move outwardly to intercalate with the
more superficial cells. Later, these cells move
over the surface of the yolk to envelop it
completely.
The formation of germ layers
• Germ Ring
• Epiblast
• Hypoblast
• Embryonic Shield
• Chordamesoderm
• Notochord
• Paraxial Mesoderm
• Neural Keel
The embryonic shield is critical in establishing the
dorsal-ventral axis in fishes. It can convert lateral and
ventral mesoderm (blood and connective tissue
precursors) into dorsal mesoderm (notochord and
somites), and it can cause the ectoderm to become
neural rather than epidermal.
THANK
YOU!