Safety in Chemical Engineering

7
Pollution Control
 Pollution Control
• Pollution Control
I. Chemical industry discharges Solid ,liquid or
gaseous waste as a result of manufacturing
process. Such waste may be toxic,
flammable, corrosive, radioactive,
nonbiodegrable, or hazardous in nature and
if it is not properly treated ,it pollutes land
water air and overall environment.
II. Water soil/land, and air pollution create
many problems and need efficient control
 Pollution Control
• Water Pollution Control-Water is essential for
all living organism. Clean water is basic
requirement . Pollutants of water creates
health and environmental problems.
• The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974
• Water pollution can occur through:
• Incorrect drainage connections, resulting in
industrial waste entering surface water drains,
which is turn flow into rivers.
 Pollution Control
• Waste water Quality Indicators
 PH
 Temperature
 DO
 TDS
 TSS
 BOD
 COD
 Pesticide
 Pollution Control
Types of waste water treatments
Physical- Sedimentation, Screening, Aeration,
Filtration, Floating and skimming, Degasification,
Equalization
Chemicals-
Chrorination,Ozonation,Neutralization,Coagulati
on,Adsorption,Ion exchange
Biological-Aerobic & Anaerobic
 Pollution Control
• AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollution can occur through:
 Burning coal, oil or natural gas, which gives off
such as carbon dioxide(known as green house
gases) and can produce smoke and dust.
• The main air pollutants are PM(Particulate
matter),SO2,Nox,HCL,NH3 etc
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981
 Pollution Control
• Air Pollution Control
1. Control measures for PM
I. Electromagnetic precipitator
II. Bag filters
III. Cyclone Chambers
IV. Settling Chambers
2. Control measures for gases-
I. Catalectic convertor
II. Packed Tower
III. Spray Towers
 Pollution Control
• Clean Technology-Clean technology (clean
tech) is a general term used to describe
products, processes or services that reduce
waste and require as few non-renewable
resources as possible.
• Nonrenewable resources are those found
inside the earth, and they took millions of
years to form. These include the fossil fuels,
oil, natural gas, and coal and nuclear energy.
• Examples include oxygen, fresh water, solar
 Pollution control
• Eco friendly -not harmful to the environment.
• Eco-friendly can reduce a business' costs
through reduced energy use, for example, or
lower transportation costs.
• Eco friendly Products are made from
sustainable materials, while waste is reduced
through remanufacturing, reuse and recycling.
• Here are the top ways to recycle and reduce
the non-biodegradable wastes in the most
efficient manner: