PRESENTOR: Jamaira Harid

4-BSA
9. The Morality of Labor Strikes
• strike action(or simply strike) describes collective action
undertaken by groups of workers in the form of a refusal to
perform work.
Reasons workers go on STRIKE:
1. For higher compensation
2. To improve workplace
3. For shorter working days
4. To stop their wages from going down
5. For more benefits
6. Because they think that their company has been unfair

• Labor union- an organized association of workers, often in a

trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights
and interests.
BASIC RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES
Sec 1. Art. 244 and 247 of Presidential Decree Number 442, as
amended, otherwise known as the Labor Code of the
Philippines, are hereby further amended to read as follows:

 Article 244. Right of employees in the public service.

Employees of government corporations established under
the Corporation Code shall have the right to organize and to
bargain collectively with their respective employers. All other
employees in the civil service shall have the right to form
associations for purposes not contrary to law. (As amended
by Executive Order No. 111, December 24, 1986)
 TYPES OF STRIKES
• Sit-down strike- is a strike in which workers show up to work, but refuse
to work. It may include preventing transports from entering or leaving
in an institution or a company.
• General strike- strike affecting all areas of a labor force across many
industries, typically throughout an entire country or a large section
thereof.
• Sympathy strike- is a strike initiated by workers in one industry and
supported by workers in a separate but related industry.
• Unfair Labor practice strike- is an action taken by an employer that in
believed inimical to the interest of an employee organization.
• Jurisdictional strike- refers to a concerted refusal to work undertaken
by a union to assert its members right to a particular job assignments
and to protest the assignment of disputed work to members of
another union .
• Economic strike- is based on demand for better wages or benefits than
the employer wants to provide.

• Wildcat strike- is against the will of the leadership of the union, or

without a union.

• Slow-down strike- is a form of work stoppage n which employees

deliberately reduce their individual production.

• Recognition strike-is a kind of strike forcing employers to recognize and

deal with them.
 WHO CAN JOIN LABOR
ORGANIZATIONS OR
WORKERS ASSOCIATION

• All employees employed in commercial,

industrial and agricultural enterprises and
in religious, charitable, medical or
educational institutions whether
operating for profit or not.
• Government employees in the civil
service
• Supervisory personnel
• Security personnel
• Aliens with valid working permits
 WHO ARE PROHIBITED FROM
JOINING LEGITIMATE LABOR
ORGANIZATIONS

• Managerial employees

• Members of cooperatives

• Members of the Armed Forces

of the Philippines, Philippine
National Police and Firemen.
 IS THERE A RIGHT TO STRIKE?
• The right to strike is integral to the process
of wage bargaining in an industrial
economy.
• Any employees has a right to withhold his
labor services from an employer if he
doesn’t like the pay and benefits the
employer offers.
• Workers who are willing to work for a strike
and the employer who wishes to hire
them have a legitimate right to do so.
 In the book of Ramon Agapay, Ethics and the Filipino:

1. There is a sufficient and just reason for it, it is usually based on the claim that the
laborer has a right to his job or that he has atleast the right to decent conditions
of employment and consequently that he may use force to protect his right
against the unjust aggression of the man who has seized it.

2. The intended good results must be proportionate to evil affects. As against the
employer, the strikers have no right to destroy his property, as against the men
who take places of the strikers, no violence is lawful when the action of the
strikers is justified by their own needs.

3. The means employed are lawful. The right to a job is merely the right to
continue economic relations with a particular employer
10. Whistleblowing
• Is the disclosure by an employee of confidential
information in which relates to some danger,
fraud, or other illegal or unethical conduct
connected with workplace, be it of the
employer or of his fellow employees.

• Whistleblower- is someone in an organization

who witnesses behavior by members that is
either contrary to the mission of the organization,
or threatening to the public interest, and who
decides to speak out publicly about it.
 FOUR ELEMENTS THAT
ENCOMPASSES WHISTLEBLOWING
1. The disclosure of information, be it internal or external, must be made in
good faith.

2. The disclosure must be made by a current, former or prospective employee.

3. The information must be linked with misconduct on the part of the

employer

4. Evidence of the misconduct should exist as well as information regarding

the identity of the wrongdoer.
 TYPES OF WHISTLEBLOWING
1. Internal whistleblowing occurs within the
organization
2. External whistleblowing occurs outside the
organization. It is revealing to the outside
individuals or groups.
3. Current-those who blow the whistle on present
employers
4. Alumni- those who blow the whistle on former
employers
5. Open- the whistleblower discloses his identity
6. Anonymous- the whistleblower does not
disclose his identity.
 HOW TO BLOW THE WHISTLE
1. Before taking ay irreversible steps, talk to your family or close friends about your decision
to blow the whistle.

2. Be alert and discreetly attempt to learn of any other witnesses who are upset about the
wrongdoing.

3. Before formally breaking ranks, consider whether there is any reasonable way to work
within system by going to the first level of authority.

4. Develop plan

5. Maintain good relations with the administration and support staff

6. Keep a careful record of events as they unfold

7. Identify and copy all necessary supporting records before drawing any suspicion to
your concerns.

8. Break the cycle of isolation research and identify and seek a support network of
potential allies.

9. Invest on funds to obtain legal opinion from a competent lawyer

10. Always be on guard not to embellish your charges

11. Engage in whistleblowing initiatives on your own time and with your own resources
not your employer’s

12. Don’t wear your cynicism on your sleeves when working with authorities
11. Multilevel Marketing (MLM) and
Pyramiding
• multilevel marketing- is a system
of selling in which one signs up
other people to assist him and
they in turn, recruit others to help
them,
• Pyramiding- participants attempt
to make money solely by
recruiting new participants into
the program.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MLM AND PYRAMIDING

MLM PYRAMIDING

1. Legal 1.Illegal

2. Income generated only on product sales 2.

3. Provides a training program 3. No training program

4. consumable, reasonably priced quality 4. Few retail sales and high cost, slower moving
products products
5. Serves legitimate economic function 5.No legitimate economic function
6. Sponsoring participants earn nothing by mere 6. Recruiting participants get benefits from
sponsoring. Recruitment is optional recruitment

7. Earnings are ultimately tied to products 7. Earning are tied to the act of recruitment
consumption of end-users

8.Enormous efforts to sell are exerted 8. Little effort

9. largely, products are sold to the consuming 9.Products are consumed internally within the
public organization

10. Bonuses are based on sales to final users 10. Bonus entitlements are based on goods
who are not members of the scheme absorbed by members within the structure
 MARKET SATURATION: AN
INHERENT PROBLEM IN
PYRAMIDING
• Pyramids design can saturate the market with no one even noticing.

• It is design to recruit so many salespeople, who in turn will attempt to recruit

more salespeople and so on until the market is saturated.

• Out of control by design , it gears will grind up the money, time and
entrepreneurial energy of the well-meaning who joined to supplement their
income.
 ISSUES IN PYRAMIDING

1. Too much materialism and greed

2. They con the public, making them believe that they are a legitimate MLM.

3. The intentions are bad.

12. Unfair Competition

• Unfair (or disloyal) competition in

commercial law is a deceptive
business practice that causes
economic harm to other
businesses or to consumers.
• It includes a number of areas of
law involving acts by one
competitor or group of
competitors which harm another
in the field, and which may give
rise to criminal offenses and civil
causes of action.
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF COMPETITION
1) Monopoly- is defined as a market situation where there is only one provider
of a kind of product or services.

2) Oligapoly - denotes a situation where there are few sellers for a product or
service.

3) Perfect competition- is a situation in which no firm or consumer is large

enough to dictates prices. The prices are dictated by the law of supply and
demand which states that when the supply is scarce, the price go up and
when the demand goes down , the prices will go the same way.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAR AND
COMPETITION

WAR COMPETITION

1. Two contenders fighting hurl directly at 1. Two or more parties are vying for the
each other opportunity to provide the customers needs
whether it is a product or service.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FAIR AND
UNFAIR COMPETITION

• Fair competition is doing business under ethical rules of conduct, behavior

and judgement.
• It is attaining success in business through the merits of its products or sevices.
• Unfair competition is unethical business practice. It is doing business with the
goal of profit without regard to others.
13. MONEY LAUNDERING- is the
process of disguising illegally
obtained money so that the funds
appear to come from legitimate
sources or activities.
• It occurs in connection with a
wide variety of crimes, including
illegal arms sales, drug
trafficking, robbery, fraud,
racketeering, and terrorism.
• The principal objective of
money laundering is to convert
cash to some other form of asset
to conceal illegal sources or
origin of cash income.
 MONEY LAUNDERING PROCESS
1. Placement- physically placing bulk cash proceeds. It is during the
placement stage that physical currency enters the financial system and
illegal proceeds are most vulnerable to detection.

2. Layering – separating the proceeds from criminal activity from their origins
through layers of complex financial transaction. It is describes as activity
intended to obscure the trail which is left by “dirty” money.

3. Integration- providing an apparently legitimate explanation for illicit

proceeds. During the final stage in the laundering process, illicit funds are
integrated with monies from legitimate commercial activities as they enter
the mainstream economy.
 IMPACT OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN
THE SOCIETY

• The possible social and political cost of money laundering, if left unchecked
or dealt with ineffectively, are serious.
• Organized crime can infiltrate financial institutions, acquire control of a large
sectors of the economy through investments or offer bribes to public officials
and even governments.
• The economic and political influence of criminal organizations can weaken
the social fabric, collective ethical standards and ultimately the democratic
systems, this criminal influence can undermine the transition.
 HOW DOES FIGHTING MONEY
LAUNDERING HELP FIGHT CRIME

• Money laundering is a is a threat to the good functioning of a financial

system: however, it can also be the Achilles’ heel of criminal activity.
• In a law enforcement investigation into organized criminal activity, it is
often the connections made through financial transaction records that
allow hidden assets to be located and that establish the identity of the
criminals and the criminals organizations responsible.
• 14. Conflict of interest- it is occurs when a person acts
in a way that is to his/her advantage at the expense of
the employing organization.
• the term means something more than individual bias.
There must be an interest, ordinarily financial that
could be directly affected by the work of the
committee.

• the common factors that create conflict of interest

are commercial bribes and gifts.
 TYPES OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

1. Self-dealing
2. Accepting benefits
3. Influence peddling
4. Using your employer’s property for private advantage
5. Outside employment or moonlighting
6. Post-employment
15. Insider Trading- refers to the significant facts that have not yet
made public and are likely to affect stock prices. It is being
prohibited by the rules and regulation of the SEC.
 MORAL ARGUMENTS
Dr. George’s cites two aspects of this particular problem:

1. One is that of someone within the firm using information for his/her own
private gain at the expense of the firm( conflict of interest)

2. The other is the use of information by someone within the firm to secure
personal advantage over those not in the firm ( breach of loyalty)
 ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO
INSIDER TRADING

• It violates fiduciary relationships between insiders and outside clients

• It promotes greed and personal gain at the expense of others
• It renders the transaction between two contracting parties as unfair.
16. TAX EVASION AND AVOIDANCE-
• The word “tax” has two meanings: first, the
financial duty or levy contributed to the entity- be
it a government or any other organization. The
second definition of tax means a “ heavy burden”

• Tax evasion- is an intentional negligence of the

obligation to pay correct taxes to the government.
• Tax avoidance- is when tax payers exploit legally
permissible alternative methods of assessing
taxable property or income in order to avoid or
reduce tax liability.