Pollutions

Pollution
 Human generated waste had been there since their
existence

 Animal generated, household waste and pollution

was the first challenge

 Today many sources: pesticides, fertilizers, fossil

fuels, radiation, chemicals, synthetic materials,
ever increasing population, industrialization,
urbanization etc.

 Pollutants- solid, liquid, gaseous

Types of Pollutants
 Degradable Pollutants
 Eg vegetable waste
 Non- degradable pollutants
 Eg plastics, Styrofoam
 Slowly degradable or persistent Pollutants
 Eg: aluminum cans, DDT,
Tracing the pollutants
 Point sources
Eg: Chimney of a factory, drainage pipe,
industrial wastes
 Non Point sources
Eg: chemical sprayed into air, fertilizer
runoff from various fields
Types of Pollution
 Air
 Water
 Soil
 Noise
 radiation
Air pollution
Causes?
 Sources Primary & Secondary – Pollutants
(2 categories of air pollutants)
Primary: discharged from sources directly into atmosphere.
Eg: sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides from burning coal and
fuels
Secondary: chemical reactions involving primary pollutants
Eg nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid vapour and droplets
containing sulphuric acid, sulfate and nitrate salts
 Solids in the air – nickel, iron, zinc, copper
Polutants Sources Effects
Sulphar compounds Biological decompositions Plats: death of living
Sulphar oxide, hydrogen Coal combustion tissues decrease yield
Sulphide Humans : Paralysis damage
to lungs lowering resistance
to diseases like pneumonia
Material: Corrosion
Carbon Monoxide: Auto mobile engines Plants: premature ageing,
damage to growth
Humans Affects central
nervous system
Breathing problem, Affects
oxygen carrying capacity
Carbon Dioxide Combustion of fossil fuels Insulating effect
Refrigerators, A/Cs ‘Green house’, ozone
deletion
Nitrogen Oxides Power generators, vehicles, Plants: Stunted growth
& Hydrocarbons forest lighting Humans Nasal irritation
Breathing problems/ Mucus
Death/ Cancer
Water
Some common water pollutants
• Decease Causing agents
• Oxygen demanding wastes
• Inorganic chemicals
• Inorganic plant nutrients
• Heat and warm water
• Radioactive substances
• Organic (carbon containing ) compounds
• Sediments and suspended matter
Soil Pollution
Contamination by chemicals, particulates
and solid waste
 Sources of Soil pollution
 Agriculture
 Industrial Activities
 Mining,
 Solid
waste dumping
 Biomedical waste
Biohazard Symbol
Noise Pollution
What is it?
Unwanted sound dumped into the
atmosphere.
Sources
All modern gadgets which produce high
volume of sound
Festivities, loud speakers, five crackers
Radiation Pollution
 Produced by radioactive substances
 Sources
 Cosmic rays, X-rays, radium-dal
wristwatches, television ( they have ionizing
radiation)
 Nuclear waste from plants and bombs
 To protect oneself one must wear Thermal
Luminescent Dosimetry (TLD) badge
Urbanization
 Settlements -Villages – markets
 Trade routes – towns
 River banks and sea coasts were

 Classification of cities by population

 Class I 100000 or more
 Class II 50000-99999
 Class III 20,000-49000
 Class IV 10,000-19000
 Class V 5000-9999
 Class VI less than 5000
 Urbanizationand Urban Growth ?
 Urban Growth by
 Net natural increase
 Net migration
 reclassification of city limits
 Migration into cities
 The informal sector and slums

 Urbanization Major cause for pollution

 Increasing consumption and arte of waste
 Public spaces spaces and assets
 Loss of cultural heritage
 Air Pollution
 Thermal inversion
 Water availability
 Solid waste
 Noise Pollution Vegetation reduction
