ACTIVITY

1. artistic 6. scientific

2. Phenomenological 7. postmodern
3. grounded theory 8. quantitative
4. qualitative 9. historical
5. ethnographic 10. case study
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
RESEARCH
Eleasar . Limpiado Jr.
 OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON
THE STUDENTS CAN:

Identify the various types of research

Differentiate qualitative and
quantitative types of research.
 GENERAL FORMS OF RESEARCH
(DEFINE THE PURPOSE AND APPROACH OF THE STUDY)

 1. Scientific research – explain naturally occurring phenomena in

the natural world by generating credible theory.
 2. Research in the humanities – purpose of human existence by
tapping into historical facts and future possibilities.
 3. Artistic research – provides alternative approaches to
established concepts by conducting practical methods as
substitutes for fundamental and theoretical ones.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

 Enables the researcher to organize the components of his or her research in an orderly
and coherent manner.
 1. clearly identify and describe the research problem or topic, and justify the selection of
the appropriate design to be used.
 2. review and synthesize previous studies and literature related to the topic.
 3. clearly identify hypotheses that are significant to the problem
 4. determine the data necessary to test the hypotheses and explain how data will be
obtained.
 5. described the methods of analysis that will be used on the gathered in order to
evaluate the hypotheses of the study.
 EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS
.
 1. ACTION RESEARCH

 Follows cyclical process.

 Identifies the problem and determine the plan of action
 Action plan is implemented and date gathered to determine the effects of the action
implemented.
 The information gathered during implementation phase is analyzed and evaluated in
order to better understanding of the problem and determine the effectiveness of the
solution.
 Pragmatic and solution – driven, and any information gathered is use to identify and
implement a solution a problem.
 It requires the researcher to directly relate with his or her subjects and community.
 2. Casual Design.
This research explores how a specific change impacts a
certain situation.
Employs hypotheses that seek to establish a cause – and
– effect relationship between variables.
Seeks to determine whether ‘ variable X caused Y’.

 3. DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN.

This design answers who, what, when, where,

and how questions related to a particular
research problem.
Used to obtain information about the present
situation to gain understanding of a certain
phenomena.
 4. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The researcher controls the factors and

variables related to a certain
phenomena and tries to change or
manipulate one or several factors to
determine the possible effects.
 5. EXPLORATORY DESIGN

Focuses on the topics or problems which have had

little or no studies done about them.
The purpose of this design is to gain information and
insight that can be used for later researches.
This design is often use to determine which method
or approach to use for a certain topic or problem.
 6. COHORT DESIGN

Identifies a group of people sharing common

characteristics who are then studied for a period of
time.
The researcher seeks to identify how these groups
are affected by certain factors or changes and relates
the information gathered to the research topic.
 7. CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN

Looks into a large group of people, composed of

individuals with varied characteristics.
Researcher seeks to determine how these
individuals are affected by a certain variable or
change and gather data at a specific period of
time.
 8. LONGITUDINAL DESIGN

Follows a group of people over a long period of time.

Throughout the period of study, observations are made on
the group to track changes over time and identify factors
that may have caused them.
This design also allows causal relationships over time and
determines how long these relationships last and the
extent of their effects on the group being studied.
 9. SEQUENTIAL DESIGN

Carried out in stages to gather sufficient data to test the

hypothesis.
This design is often combined with a cohort or cross-
sectional study as it identifies specific groups for each
stage, data is collected and evaluated.
If there is insufficient data, the researcher then proceeds to
the next stage with new group or subjects.
 10. MIXED – METHOD DESIGN

Combines aspects of various research designs and

methods.
It primarily combines qualitative and quantitative
research methods to gain complete pictures of the
research problem and gather data that will fully
determine the validity of hypothesis.