Qualitative Research

• an effort to understand situations in their uniqueness as part

of a particular context and the interactions there (Patton,
1985)
• focuses on measuring worldviews not through numbers
• puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point
of view conditioned by their personal traits
Qualitative Research
• subjectivity is allowed
• looks at or listens to the subject or object in
a natural setting (Coghan, 2014)
• reality is conditioned by society and
people’s intentions are involved in
explaining cause-effect relationships
• things are studied in their natural setting
 Qualitative Research
• usually involves fieldwork so the researcher must go to the
people, setting, site, institution, in order to observe behavior
in its natural setting
• uses an inductive research strategy and builds abstractions,
concepts, hypothesis, or theories rather than tests existing
theory
• are in the form of themes, categories, concepts or tentative
hypotheses or theories
• the product is richly descriptive
 Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and interpretation - shows an

individual’s mental, social, and spiritual understanding of the
world
2. Active, powerful, and forceful - not fixated to a certain
plan
3. Contextualization - involves all variables, factors, or
conditions affecting the study to understand human
behavior
Characteristics of a Qualitative Research

4. Diversified data in real-life situations - prefers collecting

data in a natural setting like observing people as they live
and work, analyzing photographs or videos as they genuinely
appear to people’s intentional observations
5. Abounds with words and visuals - words come in big
quantity in this kind of research; resorts to quoting some
respondent’s answers; presenting people’s world views
through visual presentation (i.e., pictures, videos, drawing,
and graphs)
6. Internal analysis - examines the data yielded by the
internal traits of the subject individuals (i.e., emotional,
mental, spiritual characteristics)
1. Case Study - in-depth examinations of people or groups of
people or institution; seeks to find answers to why such
thing occurs to the subject

2. Ethnography - involves the collection and analysis of data

about cultural groups; making sense of the world to
identify lifeways or patterns
3. Phenomenology - examines human experiences through the
description of people involved; describes the meaning that
experiences hold for each subject

4. Content and Discourse Analysis – thematic analysis of the

content of the mode of communication (letters, books, journals,
photos, video recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, audio
visual materials, etc.) used by a person, group, organization, or any
institution in communicating; study of language structures used in
the medium of communication
 5. Historical Analysis - concern the identification,
location, evaluation, and synthesis of data from the past;
examination of primary documents to understand the
connection of the past events to the present time

6. Grounded Theory - data are collected and analyzed

and then a theory is developed