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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• The Greek root for the word atom, "atomon,"
means "that which cannot be divided."
– But atoms can be divided! But not easily on earth.
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
Each Element is made up of one kind of atom.
The number of Protons and Electrons.
Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of elements.
Each Element is made up of one kind of atom.
The number of Protons and Electrons.
Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of elements.
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
6.94 amu – 3 =
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
6.94 amu – 3 =
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
6.94 amu – 3 =
Li
Na
K
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H He
Li Ne
Na Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
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New Area of Focus: Electron Orbitals
Total Electrons
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The number of valence electrons
determines the group placement of an
element on the periodic table.
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
Most of the transition metals…
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
Most of the transition metals…
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
Most of the transition metals…
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• After the second orbit or shell is filled,
things start to get complicated.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled,
things start to get complicated. The third
shell fills until it gets to 8,
• After the second orbit or shell is filled,
things start to get complicated. The third
shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the
fourth shell starts adding electrons until it
too has 8 electrons.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled,
things start to get complicated. The third
shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the
fourth shell starts adding electrons until it
too has 8 electrons. Then the third shell
fills until it gets to 18.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled,
things start to get complicated. The third
shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the
fourth shell starts adding electrons until it
too has 8 electrons. Then the third shell
fills until it gets to 18.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• 2 electrons fill the first level
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three
energy levels?
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Online Atom Builder.
– Sodium Na
– Calcium Ca
– Potassium K
– Beryllium Be
– Aluminum Al
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Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up
with the letters from the word SPONCH?
• Which orbital diagram below matches up
with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Name: Sulfur
Symbol: S
Atomic Number: 16
Atomic Mass: 32.066
Copyright © 2010
Copyright Ryan
© 2010 P. Murphy
Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up
with the letters from the word SPONCH?
• Which orbital diagram below matches up
with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number
of electrons in outer shell.
Cation +1
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
Cation +1
Anion -1
• Remember
– Electrons are negative, protons are
positive. The atom has a neutral
charge when the number is the same.
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number
of electrons in outer shell.
-O-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H- -O-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O- -H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O=H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
– When using Lewis Dot Structures, a single
bond is represented with one line.
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
– When using Lewis Dot Structures, a single
bond is represented with one line.
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
• Let’s try Methane CH4
C
• Let’s try Methane CH4
H
H
C
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
H
H
C
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
H
H C
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
H
H C
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
H
H C H
H
• Some helpful tools.
• Black = Carbon
• Yellow = Hydrogen
• Now using electron dot diagrams
Create molecules like Methane CH4
• What is the empirical formula for this?
– Black = Carbon
– Red = oxygen
– Black = Carbon
– Red = oxygen
– Black = Carbon
– Red = oxygen
– Black = Carbon
– Red = oxygen
COOH group
COOH group
NH2
Group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• These are some of the various amino
acids that make up proteins, the building
blocks of life.
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.