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Logical channels
Transport channels
(How it is transmitted)
Physical Layer
Physical channels
(Code,frequency,etc)
4 Protocol ± Set of certain basic rules
4 WCDMA protocol stack is based on OSI (open system interconnection)
reference model
4 OSI reference model ,developed by ISO, is a ³ ³
º
º
Each of this layer performs certain tasks on the data to make it travel
from one device to another over a networkº These tasks at each layer,
prepare it for the next layerº
This is the layer that actually interacts with
the userº For example if the user chooses to transfer files or read
messages , application layer interfaces with the operating systemº
systemº
Layer 6 takes the data provided by the
Application layer and converts it into a standard format that the
other layers can understandº
!
CPICH RSCP Received Signal Code Idle / Connected Periodic Or Upon Request
Power
4 The RLC and MAC layers have the following essential functions:
1º Mapping of logical channels on transport channels
2º Selection of the transport format based on current needs
3º Data encryption
4º Error protection as a function of the desired QOS
5º Acknowledgement of data blocks and requests for retransmission in case of
errors
4 Layer 3 : Network Layer(RRC Layer): RRC layer is directly above the
layer 2 and is responsible for radio resource controlº The main RRC
tasks include :
1º Broadcasting of system information
2º Establishment and clear down a RRC connection
3º Management of radio connections
4º Cell selection in IDLE mode
5º Querying and evaluation of physical layer measurements
c (%%)
4 Channels are simply a tool for specifying and describing the various
communication and data related servicesº Various type of data is
exchanged between UE and base station over the radio channelº To
characterize this different type of data , we refer to different channelsº
#
BCH (,roadcast annel) Downlink; Transports BCCH to UE; Always transmitted using the
same transport format in entire cell
FACH (+orward ccess annel) Downlink; Transports small amount of data from
BCCH/CCCH/DCCH/CTCH to either a specific UE or over the
entire cell
PCH (aging annel) Downlink; Transports data from PCCH to UE over entire cell
RACH (andom ccess annel) Uplink; Used by UE for initial access to UTRAN
CPCH ( ommon acket annel) Uplink; Used by UE to send packet data to UTRAN
DSCH (ownlink hared annel) With DSCH, user may be allocated different data rates,For example:
384kbps with SF 8and 192kbps with SF16ºDSCH may be mapped
to a multicode case,Ex 3channelisation codes with spreading factor
4 provide a DSCH with 2 MBPSº
##
R
R
PHYSICAL
CSICH
CD/CA ICH
00
% -
.
+.
/
CPICH Common CPICH Channel Downlink Reference channel for estimation of received signal strength & quality; Fixed bit 256 / 0
pattern which is stored in Physical layer; Determines coverage of a cell
P CCPCH Primary Common Control Downlink Responsible for transmitting BCCH logical channel within the cell; Every UE 256 / 1
Physical Channel knows this and can decode system information as soon as it acquires the SC
S CCPCH Secondary Common Control Downlink 1) Carries Paging data to UE for incoming call Both Variable
Physical Channel 2) FACH transport channel also transmits small data or control
messages
Both PCH & FACH data can be multiplexed and sent together
PRACH Physical Random Access Uplink Used by the UE for call setup; UE sends a preamble to Node B and on receipt,
Channel Node B sends an immediate ACK or NACK on downlink AICH or AP AICH
PCPCH Physical Common Packet Uplink Used by UE for packet data transfer involving small quantities
Channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Uplink / Used for dedicated mode transfer of user data (from DCH) & associated control SF varies
Channel Downlink data (from DCCH) to & from UE between 4 &
256
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Uplink / Used for dedicated signaling to and from UE; To ensure coherent detection it SF 256
Channel Downlink contains both necessary pilot symbols & commands for fast power control
P/S SCH Primary / Secondary Downlink Used for WCDMA cell search and timing synchronization; %0
N/A
Synchronization Channel
/
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Downlink Used by multiple UEs to get out of any bottlenecks in transmission capacity on
Channel downlink; eºgºº Data from DSCH can be transmitted to various UEs multiplexed
together
PICH Paging Indication Channel Downlink Paging messages are indicated to the intended UE by use of bit masks; On
positive identification, UE starts reading S CCPCH to find page
AICH Acquisition Indication Channel Downlink Determines whether system can be accessed or not; Uses simple bit sequences
for operation
AP AICH Access Preamble AICH Downlink UTRAN uses this to confirm reception of acquisition preamble sent by the UE on
the PCPCH
CSICH CPICH Status Indicator Downlink Channel informs UE about current availability of CPCH uplink transport channel
Channel for packet data use
CD/CA Collision Detection / Channel Downlink UTRAN uses this channel to inform UEs about any packet collisions on the
ICH Assignment Indicator Channel uplink & also about the current assignment of the packet data channelº
Channel Switching:
To optimize the use of radio resources allocated to the User Equipment (UE),
according to the amount of data that needs to be transmitted in uplink and
downlinkº
4 Large traffic variations : For example web browsing, E mail, and file transferº
After a web page has been downloaded and the user is reading the page, there
is very little data to transferº Data requirement changes once the user requests
a new web pageº
Common transport channels : Whenever a user has a small amount of data to send
or receiveº Maximum of 32 kbps is shared between the users in a cellº
4 CELL_FACH
UE is able to transmit control signals and data packets on the common
transport channelº RACH in the uplink direction and FACH for downlink
directionº
Suitable for carrying common control information and are shared by all users in
the cellº
A maximum of 32 kbps is available for user data transmissionº
4 CELL_DCH
Characterized by allocation of Dedicated Transport Channels to the UEº
Reserved for 1 user and provides closed loop power control, well suited for
high bit rate trafficº
For single interactive RAB, 64/64, 64/128, 64/384 kbps are availableº
,#
4 CELL_DCH to CELL_DCH
CELL_DCH 64/384 to CELL_DCH 64/128
CELL_DCH 64/128 to CELL_DCH 64/64
CELL_DCH 64/128 to CELL_DCH 64/384
CELL_DCH 64/64 to CELL_DCH 64/128
4 CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH