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GERMANY

Presented By: Group- 3


Sukriti Sharma (30)
Divya Vij (41)
Sagarika Roy (28)
GEOGRAPHY
• Location:
Western Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north, to
the east by Czech Republic and Poland, south by Austria and Switzerland and to
the west by France,, Belgium and the Netherlands.
• Geographic coordinates:
51 00 N, 9 00 E
• Area:
total: 357,022 sq km
country comparison to the world: 62
land: 348,672 sq km
water: 8,350 sq km
• Land boundaries:
total: 3,621 km
• Coastline:
2,389 km
QUICK FACTS
• Federal Parliamentary Republic of 16 states.
• President: Christian Wulff, Chancellor: Angela Merkel.
• Berlin is the capital and the largest city.
• Member of UN, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OCED.
• 4th largest economy by nominal GDP, 5th by PPP, 2nd largest exporter, 3rd largest
importer in the world.
• German is the official language.
• Currency is Euro.
• Recognized as a scientific and technological leader in several fields.
RESOURCES
• Natural resources:
coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium,
potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
• Land use:
arable land: 33.13%
permanent crops: 0.6%
other: 66.27% (2005)
• Irrigated land:
4,850 sq km (2003)
• Total renewable water resources:
188 cu km (2005)
• Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 38.01 cu km/yr (12%/68%/20%)
per capita: 460 cu m/yr (2001)
• Natural hazards:
flooding
STATISTICS
• Population:
82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
• Age structure:
0-14 years: 13.7% (male 5,768,366/female 5,470,516)
15-64 years: 66.1% (male 27,707,761/female 26,676,759)
65 years and over: 20.3% (male 7,004,805/female 9,701,551) (2010 est.)
• Median age:
total: 44.3 years
male: 43 years
female: 45.6 years (2010 est.)
• Population growth rate:
-0.061% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
• Birth rate:
8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 220
• Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
• Net migration rate:
2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
• Urbanization:
urban population: 74% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
• Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.055 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
• Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.95 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 206
male: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
• Ethnic groups:
• German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of
Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
• Religions:
• Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or
other 28.3%
• Literacy:
• definition: age 15 and over can read and write
• total population: 99%
• Education expenditures:
• 4.6% of GDP (2004)
• country comparison to the world: 82
HISTORY
• Roman commander Julius Caesar referred to the unconquered
area east of the Rhine as Germania.
•  Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by
the Roman Empire.
• Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks subdued the
other West Germanic tribes
• In 843, the eastern part became East Francia, ruled by Louis the
German.
• Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the
medieval German state.
• In the early 16th century, Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) left vast
areas depopulated.
• Peace of Westphalia of 1648 marked the effective end of the Holy
Roman Empire.
• After the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), an Austrian-led 
German Confederation of 39 states was formed.
• A German Empire that excluded Austria was formed in 1871
under the leadership of Prussia and its "Iron Chancellor", 
Otto von Bismarck.
• By 1900, Germany's economy was by far the largest in Europe.
• The Empire was replaced by the democratic Weimar Republic
 (1918–1933) due to the defeat of Germany in WW1 (1914-1918)
• During the Great Depression (1929–1933) , German politics
divided into Communists and Nazis.
• In 1933, the Nazis under Adolf Hitler gained power and imposed
a totalitarian regime.
• The Holocaust was prevailing during that time.
• World War II (1939–1945), Germany was again defeated, but this
time divided between capitalist West Germany and communist 
East Germany.
• Cold War started between the East and West Germany.
• They got united in 1989 with the collapse of Communism.
• Germany has become increasingly integrated into the European
Union in 1992.
CULTURE
• The land of poets and thinkers.
• The UNESCO inscribed 33 properties in
Germany on the World Heritage List.
• Various German authors and poets have won great renown,
including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.
• German philosophers have helped shape Western philosophy since
the Middle Ages, like Gottfried Leibniz's contributions to
rationalism; the establishment of classical German idealism by
Immanuel Kant
• German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium
with the work of Max Skladanowsky . Also the Berlin Film Festival,
held annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film
festivals. The Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam are the oldest large-
scale film studios in the world and a centre for international film
production.
• Germany claims some of the world's most renowned
classical music composers, including Ludwig van Beethoven,
Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner
• Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, home to
some of the world's largest media conglomerates, including
Bertelsmann, the Axel Springer AG and ProSiebenSat.1 Media
• Association football is the most popular sport. With more than 6.3
million official members, the German Football Association is the
largest sports organisation of its kind worldwide.
• Great cuisine, fine wines, and excellent beers form an integral
aspect of life in Germany.
• Germany is a modern, cosmopolitan, creative society, shaped by a
plurality of lifestyles and regional differences.
ECONOMIC SUMMARY
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• GDP (purchasing power parity):
$2.925 trillion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
$2.887 trillion (2007 est.)
$2.817 trillion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
• GDP - real growth rate:
• 1.3% (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 167
• 2.5% (2007 est.)
• 3.2% (2006 est.)
• GDP - per capita (PPP):
• $35,500 (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 33
• $35,000 (2007 est.)
• $34,200 (2006 est.)
• note: data are in 2008 US dollars

• GDP - composition by sector:


• agriculture: 0.9%
• industry: 30.1%
• services: 69.1% (2008 est.)
• Labor force:
• 43.6 million (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 14
• Labor force - by occupation:
• agriculture: 2.4%
• industry: 29.7%
• services: 67.8% (2005)
• Unemployment rate:
• 7.8% (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 106
• 9% (2007 est.)
• Population below poverty line:
• 11% (2001 est.)
• Investment (gross fixed):
• 19.2% of GDP (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 121
• Budget:
• revenues: $1.591 trillion
• expenditures: $1.591 trillion (2008 est.)
• Public debt:
• 66% of GDP (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 20
• 65.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
• Inflation rate (consumer prices):
• 2.7% (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 31
• 2.3% (2007 est.)
INDUSTRIES

• Among the world's largest and most technologically advanced


producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,
vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages,
shipbuilding, textiles
• Industrial production growth rate:
• 0.1% (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 131
• Agriculture - products:
• potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs,
poultry
ENERGY COSUMPTION
• Electricity - production:
• 593.4 billion kWh (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 8
• Electricity - consumption:
• 547.3 billion kWh (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 7
• Electricity - exports:
• 61.7 billion kWh (2008 est.)
• Electricity - imports:
• 41.67 billion kWh (2008 est.)
• Oil - production:
• 150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 46
• Oil - consumption:
• 2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 7
• Oil - exports:
• 582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 26
• Oil - imports:
• 2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the world: 6
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
• Exports:
• $1.498 trillion (2009 est.)
• country comparison to the
world: 2
• $1.35 trillion (2009 est.)
• Exports - commodities:
• machinery, vehicles, chemicals,
metals and manufactures,
foodstuffs, textiles
• Exports - partners:
• France 9.7%, US 7.1%, UK 6.7%,
Netherlands 6.6%, Italy 6.4%,
Austria 5.4%, Belgium 5.2%,
Spain 4.4%, Poland 4% (2009)
• Imports:
• $1.232 trillion (2008 est.)
• country comparison to the
world: 3
• $1.079 trillion (2007 est.)
• Imports - commodities:
• machinery, vehicles,
chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles,
metals
• Imports - partners:
• Netherlands 12.5%, France
8.3%, Belgium 7.5%, China
6.2%, Italy 5.7%, UK 5.4%,
Austria 4.3%, Russia 4.2%, US
4.2% (2008)
TRANSPORTATION
• Airports:
• 550 (2009)
• country comparison to the world: 13
• Railways:
• total: 41,896 km
• country comparison to the world: 6
• Roadways:
• total: 644,480 km
• country comparison to the world: 11
• Waterways:
• 7,467 km
• country comparison to the world: 19
• Pipelines:
• gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km
(2008
• Telephones - main lines in use:
• 51.5 million (2008)
• country comparison to the world: 3
• Telephones - mobile cellular:
• 107.245 million (2008)
• country comparison to the world: 8
• Television broadcast stations:
• 373 (plus 8,042 repeaters)
• Internet users:
• 61.973 million (2008)
• country comparison to the world: 6
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• Germany is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic
republic.
• President is the head of state and Chancellor is the head of
government. President of Bundestag is the second highest in
order of precedence.
• The Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) heads the
Bundesregierung (Federal Government) and thus the
executive branch of the federal government.
• Germany, like the United Kingdom, can thus be classified as a
parliamentary system.
• The Chancellor cannot be removed from office during a four year
term unless the Bundestag has agreed on a successor.
Federal legislature
• Federal legislative power is divided between the Bundestag
(Federal Diet)and the Bundesrat (Federal Council).
• The Bundestag is directly elected by the German people,
whilst the Bundesrat represents the regional states.
• The Bundestag is more powerful than the Bundesrat and only
need the latter's consent for proposed legislation related to
revenue shared by the federal and state governments.
• The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is elected for a four year term
and consists of 598 or more members
Main office holders

Office Name Party Since


President Christian Wul Christian Dem 30 June 2010
ff ocratic Union
22 November
Chancellor Angela Merkel Christian Dem
ocratic Union 2005
Other Free Democra
government tic Party
parties Christian Soci
al Union
CHALLENGE
The First World War:
What
?
•War involving nearly all the nations of the world

• When?

•1914-1918

29
The First World War:
• Why?
Long term -
1. Alliance system
2. Imperialist Competition
3. Stockpiling of Weapons

Short term - Assassination


of Franz Ferdinand of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife


Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their
deaths, June 28, 1914 30
The First World War:
• Who?

Central Powers: Allies:

Germany Russia
Austria-Hungary France
Ottoman Empire Great Britain
Bulgaria Italy
Japan
United States (1917)

31
The First World War:
• Where?

32
The impact of the First World War
on Germany’s Economy
•DIRE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

• COST INCURRED: $40 Billion

• INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT : - 40%

•PHYSICALLY UNFIT WORKFORCE

•FOOD SHORTAGES

•“GERMANS ATE DOGS,COWS,ZOO


ANIMALS AND RODENTS”
• UPTO 35% ILLEGAL TRADE

• SHORTAE OF RAW MATERIAL

• FORBIDDEN TO DRIVE CARS (From 1915 until the end of


the war)

• VERSAILLES EFFECT ON GERMANY:

• First clause: Germany was forced to pay for the whole of


WWI.

• Second clause: Germany had to disarm.

• Third clause: Territory of Germany had to be greatly


reduced.

• The Treaty of Versailles set the scene for the chain of


events which led to WWII. 
The impact of the Second World
War on Germany’s Economy
• Germany got divided into four zones
(American, British, French and Soviet).

• Berlin was divided into four sectors.

• Germany east of the Oder and Neisse rivers


was transferred to Poland and Soviet Union.

• The German population of other regions was


expelled and forcibly moved to Germany.
• Hyperinflation: Prices rose by about 85% in the
twelve months from December 1944.

• The process of 'denazification' was felt to be


very degrading.

• The infrastructure had been very badly


damaged by British and Americas bombing.

• Germany was *morally* bankrupt.

• Shortage of food.
• To clear rubble from the streets of the cities
that resisted the carriageway.

• The Soviet Union didn't return all POWs till


1955.

• It was above all the Cold War and the long


postwar boom that pulled Germany out this
mess.
THANK YOU

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