Che 439 - Biomaterials

by
Ersin Yavuz
130202021

F a l l, 2010
 First Generation Biomaterials
 Second Generation Biomaterials
 Third Generation Biomaterials: Cell and Gene-Activating
Materials
 Genetic Control and Activation
 Molecularly Tailored Resorbable Polymers
 Implications for the Future
 References
 1960s and 1970s

 Goal – “ achieve physical properties-

replacement tissue immune response in host”
 1980s – 50 implantable devices – 40 different
materials
 Common feature -“biological inertness”
1st generation “Bio-inert”

2nd generation “bioactive”

Mechanism of bonding of bioactive glass with

living tissue
 Reactions in forming a bond between tissue and bioactive glasses

Bioactive SiOH Adsorption

Si-O-Si
glass bond Ca+Po4+Co3

Action Adsorption - Crystal- HCA

Stem cells
Macrophages bio moieties

Matrix Crystal Bone

Differntiation formation matrix Formation
•http://www.bb.ustc.edu.cn/ocw/OcwWeb/Materials-Science-and-Engineering/3-051JSpring2004/CourseHome/index.htm
 In mid 1980’s and 1990’s
development of HA,
bioactive glasses and glass
ceramics, bone fixation,
middle-ear prostheses,
replacement of vertebra
 Another advancement:
Resorbable biomaterials
 No difference between
implant site and host tissue
•http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/artificial-disc-replacement
 Survival analysis - skeletal
prostheses & artificial heart
valves – Failure 10-25 years –
revision surgery
 Main disadvantage:
Living tissue – changes with
physiological load and
biochemical stimuli but not
implanted biomaterials
•http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blartificialheart.htm
Stimulate specific
cellular responses
at the molecular
level
 Two alternative
routes of repair

1. Tissue
engineering

•http://www.tissue-engineering.net/index.php?seite=whatiste
2. In situ tissue engineering
 Form of powders, solutions, or doped
microparticles to stimulate local tissue repair.
 ionic dissolution products, or growth factors (BMP)
 Activate the cells
 Cells Stimulate multiple generations of growing
cells to self-assemble into the required tissues in
situ
 Genetic control and activation

• Human osteoblasts – ionic dissolution products

of bioactive glasses – up regulates seven
families of genes
• Activated genes – stimulates – differentiation
and proliferation of osteoblasts
(i) transcription factors and cellcycle regulators;
(ii) signal transduction molecules;
(iii) proteins involved in DNA synthesis, repair,
and recombination;
 Genetic control and activation

 (iv) growth factors and cytokines that influence the

inflammatory response to the material;

 (v) cell-surface antigens and receptors;

 (vi) extracellular-matrix components;

 (vii) apoptosis regulators.

 Immobilizing specific proteins,
peptides, and other biomolecules
- material - mimic ECM
environment - multifunctional cell
adhesive surface

 PLA/PGA copolymers were used

to incorporate nerve growth
factor (NGF)

 Molecularly tailored polymers –

regeneration of nerves

•http://scicom.ucsc.edu/scinotes/0001/nerves.htm
 Third-generation
biomaterials molecular
design of scaffolds for
tissue engineering and for
in situ tissue regeneration
and repair, with minimally
invasive surgery.
 Economic advantage
 Patient specific treatment

•http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/AAPM/18300
 Thanks for your attention
 D. Yamanouchi, J. Wu, A.N. Lazar, K.C. Kent, C.C. Chu, and B. Liu. 2008.Biodegradable arginine-based
poly(ester-amide)s as non-viral gene delivery reagents. Biomaterials 29(22):3269-3277.

 N.W. Choi, M. Cabodi, B. Held, J.P. Gleghorn, L.J. Bonassar, and A.D. Stroock. 2007. Microfluidic scaffolds for
tissue engineering. Nature Materials 6: 908-915.

 S.Y. Wong, J. Pelet, and D. Putnam. 2007. Polymer systems for gene delivery - Past, present, and future. Progress
in Polymer Science (invited) 2:799-837.