m





 
„

 Ȃ also known as law of volumes
- is an experimental gas law
which describes how gases
tend to expand when heated.
Ô Orench scientists, î

 „

 î   


, made detailed measurements on how the
volume of a gas was affected by the temperature of the
gas.

Just as 
   made efforts to keep all properties

of the gas constant except for the pressure and volume,
so Jacques Charles took care to keep all properties of the
gas constant except for temperature and volume.
Ô ˜he  was held constant by adjusting the
height of mercury so that the two columns of mercury
had equal height, and thus the pressure was always
equal to the atmospheric pressure.

Ô xt is expected that the volume of the gas will increase

as the temperature increases. xs this relationship
linear? A plot of Ô can be used to test this
hypothesis.
y xf a decrease in temperature results in a decrease in
volume, what happens if the temperature is lowered to
a point where the volume drops to zero? A negative
volume is obviously impossible, so the temperature at
which the volume drops to zero must, in some sense, be
the lowest temperature that can be achieved. ˜his
temperature is called ¦
  
y A modern statement of Charles's law is:
* At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of
an ideal gas increases or decreases by the same factor
as its temperature on the absolute temperature scale
(the gas expands as the temperature increases).

which can be written as:

Vϕ˜
y where Ô is the volume of the gas; and is the absolute
temperature. ˜he law can also be usefully expressed as
follows

VΨ/˜Ψ = VΩ/˜Ω or VΩ/˜Ψ = ˜Ω/˜ or Vؘ٠= V٘Ψ

- ˜he equation shows that, as absolute temperature

increases, the volume of the gas also increases in
proportion.
 „







 : Vi/˜i = Vf˜f
x
 (Vi) = Vf˜i / ˜f
x

(˜i) = Vi˜f / Vf

 (Vf ) = Vi˜f / ˜i


(˜f ) = Vf˜i / Vi
where,
 = xnitial Volume,
 = xnitial ˜emperature,
 = Oinal Volume.  = Oinal ˜emperature,

  

A certain amount of gas occupies a volume of 60 L at 300 K
temperature. Oind the temperature of the gas which has a
volume of 00 L.

GxVEN: Vi = 60 L, ˜i = 300 K, Vf = 00 L

Step : Substitute the values in the below final temperature

equation:
Oinal ˜emperature(˜f ) = Vf˜i / Vi
= ( 00 x 300) / 60
= 30000 / 60
Oinal ˜emperature(˜f ) = 500 K
Oind the final volume of gas at 00 K, if the volume of
gas is 5 L at
0 K.
Vi = 5 L, ˜i =
0 K, ˜f = 00 K
Step : Substitute the values in the below volume
equation:
Oinal Volume(Vf ) = Vi˜f / ˜i
= (5 x 00) /
0
= 500 /
0
Oinal Volume(Vf ) = 4. 67 L
SEA˜K
. hen the temperature of a gas decreases, does the
volume increase or decrease?

. hat is the Charlesǯs equation for Vƒ?

3. hen 50.0 liters of oxygen at
0.0 XC is compressed

to 5.00 liters, what is the new temperature?

4. xmagine that a gas occupies a volume of
.0 XC L at a

temperature of
7 XC . ˜o what temperature in
degrees Celsius must the gas be cooled to reduce its
volume to .5 L if the pressure is held constant?