The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of
the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the
source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion,
or view presented, nor does it make any representation concerning the same.

Climate based livelihoods adaptation in dry land

Orissa(WORLP)

G B Reddy,IFS, Director
Orissa Watershed Development Mission
The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of
the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the
source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion, or
view presented, nor does it make any representation concerning the same.
 Characteristics of rainfed area
 Home to people among the poorest in India – 70% below poverty
line

 80% of the population dependant on agriculture and natural

resources based livelihoods

 Low water holding capacity and low productivity

 Illiteracy and unemployment

 Poor infrastructures (health/sanitation/education/communication

etc)

 Poor access to resources and credit

 Highly susceptible to natural disasters – floods and droughts,

 Climate risks and trends in rainfed areas
 High rainfall variability – two peak periods of food stress in the
region
 Dry spells every 2 years: drought every 5-6 years
 Flash floods in rainy season
 Prolonged dry spells between, two consecutive rainfall events,
can cause complete failure of crops
Watershed Plus Strategy
 Based on the sustainable livelihoods approach
 Participatory planning – based on real needs
 Integrating area development and livelihoods
components
 View vulnerabilities with a climate lens, thereby
reducing them
 Increase climate resilience of communities
(including low carbon approach)
The responses:
 Focuses on the most vulnerable people as well as the most climate
stressed regions

 Builds on existing assets and resources, taking into account

opportunities and gaps

 Bridges the disconnect between community needs, development

programmes and the policy process

 Taps into existing knowledge and ongoing efforts, building on what

works

 Supports community-driven strategies and actions that address local

priorities
 Addressing drivers of vulnerability
Physical Capital
 Bunds, contour ditches, check
dams, ponds, open wells, ring
wells
 Grain banks
 Storage structures
 Highly significant attribution in
incomes
 44% poor/ very poor
households report improved
physical capital
Natural capital
 Afforestations
 Wastelands development
 Pasture Development
 Crop diversification
 70% very poor households and
66% poor households note
increase in natural capital
 Increased ground water levels
 Cropping intensity , increased
area under protective irrigation
Addressing drivers of vulnerability

 Social Capital  Financial Capital

 Community based  Access to credits
organizations  RF
 Federations and Cooperatives  Bank linkage
 SHGs  Crop Insurance
 UGs
 CIGs
 Watershed Associations

Human Capital:
Increased capabilities through CB measures
Providing an appropriate delivery mechanisms
 Social & Human Capital
 Strong Social capital reduced the vulnerability and increase
the disaster coping capacity.

 Participatory planning and implementation led to better NRM

and CPR management.

 Human Capital improvement led to better practices

 Increased productivity, Crop diversification, diversification of
livelihoods
 Women Empowerment

Aquaculture by SHG-Kalahandi
Onion Cultivation , Storage and Marketing
Staggered contour Trench
Contour Trench
Field trench cum Bunds
Sunken Gully Pit
Water harvesting Structure
Farm Pond
Farm Pond under NREGS
Sweet Potato
Surface Treadle Pump in
operation
Cropping System

Groundnut and Sunflower Cultivation in Bhatli, Bargarh

 Cropping System

Hybrid Chilly in Sohela 2500 ha maize in Bolangir district

SRI (System Of Rice Intensification) in Suklimundi
watershed, Nuapada
Sabai & Bamboo Plantation
 Convergence with NHM

Mango plantation taken up under convergence with NHM in watershed area

Larki watershed- After Treatment
 Aquaculture
One Stop Aqua Shops at Belenjore,
Komna, Nuapada

Hatcheries at Belenjore, Komna, Nuapada

Fish catch at Village Kankelgaon , Block Saintala, Bolangir

Grain Banks for food security……
 Conclusions
 Continued Investment in Integrated watershed development
programmes in climate sensitive dry land area and ensuring
replication across Orissa

 Strengthen Institutional delivery mechanisms

 Capacity Building and Technical Support

 Research & Policy

 Establishment of Climate Change Resource Center Network

 Promotion of low carbon technologies in climate sensitive

watershed area