Indian I.T.

– Challenges for
Global Competitiveness

Presented by:

Niraj Vedwa
Head- Global Sales & Marketing
Nucleus Software Exports Ld.
____________________________
IIFT-NASSCOM Seminar
December 13, 2004
Agenda
• India ICT Global Competitiveness
• Market Trends
• Strategy
• Getting Started
• Challenges
• ICT convergence
• Case studies
Are We Globally
Competitive?
Are We Globally
Competitive?
Global Competitiveness –
• India Ranks 55 in year 2004 ratings, one up from its ranks as the
56th most competitive nation in 2003.
• This is below China at 46 (it slipped down 2 places from 44 in 2003).
• It is also below countries as Australia, Canada, South Africa, Mexico
and quite a few East European Countries.

Global ICT Competitiveness –

We come 45th Way ahead of China at 51st , yet the others
mentioned above are still ahead. This is a reflection of –
•the environment for ICT offered by a given country.
•the readiness of the community's key stakeholders
(individuals, businesses and governments).
•and the usage of ICT among these stakeholders.
Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005, Networked Readiness
So what?
• While we are a “Leader” in ICT, our foundations (in the
Industry) are not rock-solid. We carry an “early mover”
advantage.

• As a “Short-Term” perspective, we can leverage on the

discrepancies between home base and serviced nations.

• As a “Long-Term” Strategy we would need to be amongst

the leaders in competitiveness on both an Industry (here
ICT) and a Overall level to maintain and grow this lead.

Having set the pace for the next few

minutes….
 What's in it for us?
The Global ICT Market 24%

C o ns um e r M k t.
G o v e rnm e nt & B us ine s s

76%

 Total ICT market value = $2.8 trillion.

 Communications Services & Equipment has
largest share at 53%.
 USA has largest ICT spending of $1.06 trillion.
 Japan in second position with $ 349 billion.

* eito.com
* Data as 2004 * itaa.org
Where’s the Market
Going?
 The Market Trends
14
12
10
8
6
4
Dot Com
2 Crash
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2007
 Global ICT market to grow at 8% from 2003 through 2007.

 The rate is more than expected Global GDP growth

 USA to relinquish position as highest per capita ICT spender –

 Switzerland = $ 4,282/-
 USA = $ 4,147/-
* itaa.org
* eito.org
 Regional Growth
Compound growth rate (2003-07)
11.9%
12.0%

10.0% 9.3%
8.8% 8.7%
8.3%
8.0%
6.8% 6.7%
6.0%

4.0%

2.0%

0.0%
Easte rn Asia Africa We ste rn Middle East Latin North
Europe Europe America America

 Focus shifting from Developed to Developing Nations

 Highest growth in Eastern Europe with a spending of
$ 68.8 billion in 2007
 Asia to be the power house with a spending of $ 811.1
billion in 2007
* itaa.org
Business Strategy – A
Paradigm Shift
Moved From Moved To

Satisfying Demand Creating Demand

Excellence in Operations Strategic Vision

Hardware Software

Vertical Integration Outsourcing

Natural Resources Knowledge

Tangibles Intangibles

Commodities Brands

Mass Production Mass Customization

And the Changing Mindset
of the CIO

Outsource/open platforms/
• Synchronization of IT
Scalability/modularity
• Increased value with
reduced cost

• Tightened security for

business continuity

2007 Vision
2002 Commandments
Getting Started for Global
Competitiveness
 Defining Global IT
Infrastructure
~ People ~
Policies
~ Physical Assets ~
Politics
Growth
Growth

••Economic
Economic
••Technological
Technological
••Social
Social
••Cultural
Cultural

Partnerships Products
~ Countries ~ ~ Hardware ~
Enterprises Software
~ Symbiotic ~ Sourcing ~ ITES
Global IT Models
Sourcing Software ITES
Outsourcing Programming Selling Services
licensed software

Business Oriented Technically oriented Eclectic

Large professional Limited professional Mixed pool

pool pool

Selling directly to Selling to vendors Selling directly to

enterprises (OEM)/enterprises individuals/enterpris
es
IT Globalization -
Characteristics
• Globalization of IT
– Opportunity= Prosperity
– Challenge= Diversity

• Technological isolation- a thing of past

in the open market scenario

• Governments to realize the Economic

Value of IT (EVIT)
Global Market – India
SWOT Opportunities Strengths

• Cost and Revenue: • Early Mover Advantage

-Lower salaries
• “India” Brand
-New markets
• Time & Distributing work 24 X 7 •Multinational alliances

• Resources & Pool of worldwide talent •Balanced risk

Threats
• Increased Discrepancies
-Income
-Education
-Digital divide
• Emerging Players
•Unable to resolve differences
Weaknesses
• Lack of knowledge
•Governance & Bureaucracy
•Unpredictable infrastructure
• Cultural/linguistic differences
How MNC’s Win Globally
• Get to new global markets before competition

• Counter-attack the competition at home

• Invest in new technology

• Design optimum sourcing policy

• Install the right managerial system

• Take early losses if necessary & re-capitalize

• Rely on strategic alliances

To Win in a Global
Environment – BRANDING

UN VE EH
DI TAK

VE
S

IT RSE OL
E

TI
IA
EC
PR
AP
DE
RS
6 1
EXTENDABLE 5 2 ENDURING
4 3

MO
ILE

LD
AT

AB
RS

LE
VE
Branding – Historical
Evolution • Brand building
BUSINESS
involves trust,
EMPLOYER
REPUTATION consistency,
BRANDING (banks) uniqueness,
NATION
(consulting)
QUALITY targeting and
BRANDING ASSURANCE internal marketing.
(Singapore)
10 1 (cattle)

9 2
PERSONALITY INGREDIENT
CREATION 8 3 DIFFERENTIATION
(athletes) (medicine) • Winning Brands
7 4 are like personal
6 5 TRADEMARK leadership. They
INTANGIBLE
ASSET PROTECTION
(soft drinks)
require passion,
(services)
empathy &
LIFESTYLE
MARKET
SEGMENTATION competence.
REFLECTION
(automobiles)
(clothing)
Challenges for Global
Competitiveness
Challenges
• Strategy

• Branding

• Different languages/Culture

• Communication/ infrastructure

• Legal infrastructure

• Political environment

• Influence in the target country

Influencing Factors
Social-Cultural
Economic & Legal
• Literacy
• GDP,per capita income
• Population,age distribution
•Wealth distribution
• Depth of education
• Affordability index
• English competency
• Labor force and distribution
• Immigration & emigration
• Regulatory laws
• Trust

Political Technological
• Form of government • Availability of telecom channels
• Censorship • Demographic distribution of IT
• Corruption • Total number of IT vendors
• Government guarantee • Government funding of IT
 Matrix of IT Powers
Challengers Leaders
Mor
e ~ Australia ~ Northern ~ India ~ Ireland
Ireland ~ Israel ~ Philippines
~ Canada ~ Singapore ~ USA
~ China ~ South Africa
~ Japan ~ Taiwan
~ Korea ~ Western
Europe
~ Mexico
Beginners Up-and-Comers
& s ecr uos e R
er ut c urt s arf nI

~ Bangladesh ~ Cuba ~ Brazil ~ Caribbean

~ Ghana ~ Mauritius ~ Eastern Europe ~ Egypt
~ Nepal ~ Senegal ~ Malaysia ~ Russia
Fewer/L ~ Thailand ~ Vietnam ~ Venezuela ~ Sri Lanka
ess

* gartner.com
 Matrix of IT Powers
Challengers Leaders
Mor
e ~ Australia ~ Northern ~ India ~ Ireland
Ireland ~ Israel ~ Philippines
Advantage India
~ Canada ~ Singapore ~ USA
~ China ~ South Africa
We~have
Japan a 10 year accumulation of Process
~ Taiwan

and~ Korea
IPR
Europe Wealth~ Western
from our endeavors across
the~Globe…
Mexico
Beginners Up-and-Comers
& s ecr uos e R
er ut c urt s arf nI

~ Bangladesh ~ Cuba ~ Brazil ~ Caribbean

… We ~ Ghana ~ Mauritiuson this
can Capitalize ~ Eastern
with Europe ~ Egypt
a proper
~ Nepal ~ Senegal ~ Malaysia ~ Russia
backing from
Fewer/L ~ Thailand our government
~ Vietnam
to
~ Venezuela
move far
~ Sri Lanka
ess
above the value chain.
The New Approach – Move
up and…

Move From Position As

Value for Money Top rung in the Value

Chain
Managers of Processes Strong Hold of Intellectual
Property
Satisfying Demand Creating Demand

Disparate and Diverse End-to-End Value Providers

Project / Product Providers “Leads” and Partnership

Managers
… Summit the Global
“VALUE CHAIN”
“Lead” on
Domain
Knowledge
Brandin Partnerships Alliance
Customer Value

g s
Global Presence and
Acceptance

Referen Third-Party Bundling

ces “Leads”
Intellectual & Domain Knowledge
Consolidation
Building Customer Centric Predicting Domain
Solutions Dynamics
Intellectual & Domain Knowledge
Accumulation
Invest in Domain Churn R&D
Expertise investments
Enterprise wise Commitment to Intellectual
Property Development
Foundations to ICT and Value Development
 Japan : ICT integration 2010
BSAT (Feb. ◎
◎ Kondratieff
Kondratieff wave
wave (5th)
(5th)
1997) BSAT-2a (Aug. 2000) ◎
◎ Media
Media cycle
cycle (4th)
(4th)
Broadcast Broadcast satellite No. 4 second unit ◆
◆ NII
NII goals
goals
satellite No. 4 (CS at 110 degrees east longtitude) ◆
◆ Next-generation
Next-generation satellite
first unit communications
communications systemsystem
Super Bird C (1997) ◆
◆ Complete
Complete removal of all tariffs
Music Bird on
on ITIT equipment
equipment (APEC)
(APEC)
◆Agreement on CAS JFN Satellite ◇
◇ Removal
Removal of of boundaries
boundaries between
between
◆Agreement on EPG(electronic Broadcast to start broadcasting
broadcasting and and
program guide) digital broadcasting communications
communications
◆HDTV (high-definition TV) Broadcasting to ◇
◇ End
End of analog broadcasting
mobile devices ◇
◇ Digitization
Digitization ofof nationwide
nationwide CATV
CATV
◇CS data broadcasting & music
delivery via the Internet Integration of BS and CS systems ◇
◇ The
The Super Internet
Internet
Fixed satellite ◇
◇ Target
Target year
year of
of the
the New
New 10-Year
(Sony) BS digital broadcasting cellular phones
◇BS data broadcasting Data broadcasting Economic
Economic Plan
Plan
2005▽
(34 companies including
Matsushita) △ 2001 To digitize ▲ 2010
2010
◇E-mail service (IT Vision) throughout Japan
1999▽ ▼2006
◇Communications service
(SKY PerfecTV) △2002 Realization
Wireless transmission system for motion pictures (MPT**
(MPT**))
Start of CS digital broadcasting △1998 △2001 of the
PerfecTV Music delivery
1996 ▽△1997
Next-generation mobile phones
via the Internet (NTT, etc.)
DirecTV△1999 ▲2003 Super
Data communicationsITU standards set for Start of ground-wave broadcast services
(in three major metropolitan areas)
Internet
◇◇ Single
Singleplatform
platform
WOWOW （ 1990 ）for business△1998 usenext-generation mobile phones
for (3rd
Star Channel （ 1992 ） CallerStart of "i-Mode" services forall
allnetwork
network
Satellite
Satellite television
television ID service*
service* generation)
equipment
equipment
CS ▲2000
CS && BS
BS △1995 Start of pilot broadcasting
◇◇ Capable
Capableof of1000
1000
Mobile
Mobile Personal Handy Phone system (PHS) times
times higher
higher data
data
communicatio ▼ 1998
communicatio Start of broadcast services in the
BS digital sound broadcasting
UK & USA
transmission
transmission
ns
ns Papala Vision Experimental broadcasting in the▽Kanto 2001
area 2005
Cellular
Cellular && Video billboards
▲ 1996
▼1995
▼ 1995 To install fiber-optic circuits on trunk lines.
vehicle-
vehicle- Experimental broadcasting To digitize CATV broadcasting
Liberalization of digital broadcasting
installed
installed in the UK and USA
△
▽19981999
phones
phones AM &▽FM2001
Ground-wave
Ground-wave Community FM + Net Introduction plan (by MPT) for UHF
Digital
TV Start of digital broadcasting in the UK (more than 13 channels)
TV broadcasting
broadcasting 2000 《 Six BS digital broadcasting (HDTV) compa
Opening of optical-fiber networks for CATV (Operation planned
FM teletext broadcasting △1996 △1999
"VisibleNippon ▽
radio" short-wave broadcasting1998
Applications for the license of Type I carriers increased. WOWOW (Japan Satellite Broadcast
1994▽ Jupiter started experimental digital broadcasting
Digital short-wave broadcasting
Ground-wave
Ground-wave 1997
BS Japan (TV Tokyo)
radio
radio broadcasting
broadcasting St. GIGA
△ 1994
Music broadcast
(1991) Video game distribution by Saint*Giga Caller ID service: Caller's phone number is shown in the phone BSdisplay.
Asahi (TV Asahi)
** MPT = Ministry of Posts andTelephony
CTI=Computer Telecommunications
Integration BS Nippon (Nippon TV)
CATV
CATV 《 Diversification of CATV services 》
◇ Data tranmission (connection to the Call centers
FNS Space Star (Fuji TV
Net & public network) Unified message
◇ Dedicated services (metering of water (Integrated system to handle
usage & data exchanges between Japan Digital Communications (T
voice mail, e-mail, fax and other
companies)
◇ Sound transmission (phone service) messages.)
 Computer Business Models
The
1st shift of paradigm 2nd shift of paradigm 3rd shift of paradigm
U.S. mainframers
IBM360 NEODAMA* Interne
IBM360 was
developed from the
design concept of
IBM-led age USA in 1987 Wintel age t MIND revolution
"an all-purpose Japan in 1992
* NEODOMA: Infrastructure
machine." IBM a coinage of network Post PC-centric age
dominated the from the society with the
oligopolistic market words of
taking price Open
network, Domestic market closing development of
leadership. open, Daily commodities Emergence of new business mode
browsers
downsizing,
GE & RCA and Vendor-led model
-Advancement of multimedia
System integrators
Personal computers
semiconductor
technology
Seven -Wide use of AT Vertical integration model Low-margin ◇ Outsourcing of system
machines model development
dwarfs -Penetration of ◇ Large- and small-scale
WS/UNIX systems
BUNCH -Liberalization of Hardware Software Data centers
telecommunicati
ons and ◇ Housing of servers
broadcasting ◇ Call center functions
-DOS/V Highly profitable model Strategic
Japanese mainframers (Elimination of alliance model
Fujitsu, Japanese
language ASPs (Application
(Application service
service providers)
providers)
Hitachi, NEC, All-purpose machines
barriers) User-led model
Toshiba, ◇ Enhancement of information
Mitsubishi, High-tech products Globalization transfer capacity
Closed ◇ Provision of resources for e-
and Oki business
（◇ Licensing
Wearable ）（forPervasive
software ）
use
Fixed Desktop Notebook Mobile Wearable/pervasive models
models models models models
General-purpose Small/business AT machines Removal Information appliances
mainframes computers (Wintel) computers Network appliances
Smart packs
Smart devices
Japanese
word processors
1946 1964 1987 1992 1995“A1” 2010

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Design concept of "one-machine-for-all-purposes" Black Monday in the U.S.
Burst of the bubble economy inFirst
Japanyear of the Internet Age Multimedia age
← Before the Internet After the Internet →
 Wearable
Post-PC-centric Age Access
Access to
to the
the Internet
Internet
Wearable devices
devices with
with mobile
mobile devices
devices Mobile
Mobile devices
devices
◆IMT2000
◆IMT2000 （ （ 2001.5
2001.5 ） ）
(Pervasive/invisible) ◆Shift
◆Shift from
from aa "tool
"tool for
for conversation"
conversation" (Lighter, more compact, and easier-to-use dev
Peripheral
Peripheral
◇Sunglasses-type devices to
to aa "gateway
"gateway to to information"
information" ◇Information Dedicated
Dedicated
kiosk terminals
terminals installed
installed
◇3D cameras ◆WAP
◆WAP (wireless
(wireless application
application protocol)
protocol) ◇Post offices
ss ◇Pocket-type devices for data entry and output ◆Introduction
◆Introduction of of XML
XML forfor ◇Convenience stores at
at
Micromachine
Micromachine Wearable Wearable ◇Wearable PCs and displays 　　◇◇ E-mail
E-mail exchanges
exchanges and and Web-page
Web-page viewing
viewing Windows
Windows CE CE E-mail-only
E-mail-only
◇Headphone-type pocket　 ◇
◇ Transmission
Transmission and
computers and reception
reception of
of color
color images
images
ss computers
computers ◇High-performance hearing 　
　
　◇◇aids
Net
Net banking
banking and
and ticket
ticket reservations
reservations machines terminals
machines terminals
◇Micro-endoscopes (put into the middle or inner ear) ◇One-touch boot-up ◇"Tegacky" (Toshiba)
◇Chemical reactors 　　 "Mobile Assistant" ◇Voice-operated system ◇"Pocket Board" (DoCoMo)
◇Micro-robots ◇Cordless
Next-generation
Next-generation 　　 "Eye Trek" by Olympus Personal
Personal data data assistants
assistants
vehicle-installed Multimodal
Multimodal Voice- and gesture-operated PCs Palmtop
Palmtop
vehicle-installed (RWC Project by MITI) (PDAs)
(PDAs)
systems
systems PCs
PCs Hands and fingers, Braille characters computers
computers "Zaurus," "Mobile Gear," & "Work Pad"
Automatic drive, brake ◇Digital camera cards ◇Browser and e-mail functions added
control, navigation, airbag
inflation, and the Internet
Drawer-type
Drawer-type ◇MP3 player functions ◇GPS and PHS functions
◇ "Ruputer" by SII Wristwatch-type
Wristwatch-type ◇Access to the NetHand-held
PCs
PCs Hand-held
◇ "PC X" by Cacio
PCs
PCs Diversification of ◇PIM functions
PCs
PCs
AV
AV devices
devices connected
connected to to the
the
Network Appliances ◇Keyboard-/pen-input systems
Spread spectrum ◇Connections with AV devices
Net ◇MP3 player functions
◇Mobile phones connected to the Net
Net ◇Embedded digital camera Lighte
◇Digital
Narrowband cameras & movies over the Net Broadband technology
◇MP3 mobile players
◇Healthcare device meters Kinds of terminals increased from PCs Primary r
◇Transmitters for the elderly (to mobile phones and TVs) batteries Thinne to carry
(expendable)
Wireless Thin client-FAT server system Secondary r to put in
(Dual functions of database and application servers)
connection Infrared
batteries
(rechargeable) Longe life
Microwave Network appliance
Network appliance r power
Information Fuel cells
Submillimeter wave Information appliance
appliance Greate
Smart
Smart packs
packs
EHF (extremely high frequency waves) r
Smart
Smart devices
devices
First-generation
First-generation information
information appliances
appliances (Fall (Fall Car
Car navigation
navigation ◇Guide for the visually disabled & measurement of a carry of
1996)
1996) systems
◇Vehicle Information Communication System (VICS)
[Terminals embedded for network connection] systems ◇CS digital broadcasting & Network information
Second-generation
Second-generation information Control
Control ◇Voice control and birds-eye-view display
information appliances
appliances Electronic
Electronic book book ◇GPS mobile phones & GPS wristwatches
devices
devices
(1998) players
players Game
Game ◇Arcade games
(1998)
◇STB
[External connection terminals] Sony, Fujitsu, and Matsushita ◇Network terminals ◇Addition of sound and images ◇Home-use video games (E-trade)
Multi-functional
Multi-functional ◇DVD
◇Home servers machine
◇DVD◇FM player
player
digital broadcasting machines
machines ◇Pocket game machines (Game Boy)
machine ◇Game
◇Game machine
machine
◇Digital CD-ROMs ◇Key-chain games
Network
Network connection
connection of of white
white goods
goods
Digital
Digital communications
communications for
for the
the software Online
designed
software
designed for for
Online karaokekaraoke DreamcasDreamcas ◇Use of satellite TV and CATV
omputers embedded (Pervasive)/external terminals
etwork connection of home-use AV devices terminals
◇Automatic translation of text and voice
Playstation
Playstation 1 1 service
service tt
◇Airwave distribution
efrigerators/microwave ovens/washing machines ◇CTI (computer telephony integration)
doption of one-button control Playstation
Playstation
◇Connection
◇Connection to
Net 2 the
2to the ◇DTM computer music Digital
Digital cameras
cameras //
◇Call centers for PC users Net ◇Mobile online karaoke
AV
AV ◇Internet phone, fax & TV ①
① Playstation
Playstation 11 sold
sold 70
70 million
million ◇Distribution through TV phones/ISDN VCRs
VCRs
Connection units,
units, ◇Simulation-play karaoke (samisen, etc.) ◇Standardization of photo print specific
Two-way digital TVs devicesConnection systems
devices systems of of network
network establishing itself as aa de
◇Increase in pixels
MP3 players establishing itself as de Personal
Personal computer
computer◇Network connection
Image production machines appliances
appliances facto
facto standard.
standard.
IC recorders ◇Echo Net: Matsushita (operation through a power code)②Rapid
②Rapid expansion
expansion of of game
game NC
NC
DVD players ◇Home API: Wintel (through PC operation) software
software 3 companies including Fanuc
◇HAVI: Sony and Matsushita (connection of digital AV devices)
◇Jini: Sun Microsystems (software application), etc. contributed
contributed Single-purpose
Single-purpose
(with the addition of communications functions)
sis placed on easy use rather than functions) to the success.
to the success. devices
devices to
to serve
serve as
as
Digital
Digital information
information Emergence
Emergence of
is
of killer-software
killer-software
is very
very likely.
likely. multi-functional
multi-functional
appliances
appliances terminals
terminals
 Cell phones as AIO unit Actual use of broadband
communications technology in 2000
Third-
Third-
【 Goals 】
generation
generation
The International ◇Higher speed
cell Broadb
cell phones
Telecommunication Union (ITU)
phones ◇Open systems
and
Next- decided to adopt a worldwide
decided to adopt a worldwide
Terminal ◇Reasonable charges
Next- standard (March 1999) s 【 MPT goals for
telecom
mu-
generation
generation
【 Integral system combining two formats 】 2015 】 nication
W-CDMA ＝ Developed in Japan and Europe capable s
cell phones
cell (Wide-range
phonescode-division multiple access) of ◇Study to start from
technol
NTT DoCoMo ･･････ worldwi
Introduction in 2001 2000
ogy
J-Phone ･･･････････ Introduction in 2001de ◇High-quality, large-
2005 At least 3 billion units of
In Europe ･････････ Introduction in 2001use volume digital third-generation cell
cdmaOne2000 ＝ Developed in North America Transmission speed:
motion10-20Mbps,
pictures phones expected to be
(Code-division multiple access) Transmi 10,000 times higher
2005
◇Capable than
of Fixed satellite cell phones
worldwide used. (MPT)
the current level
In North America ･･･ Introduction likely in 2005 ssion use 2002 Wireless mobile communications for motion
DDI ･････････････？ and picture transmission (MPT)
【 Features 】 receptio 2001 Start of the study on the third-generation cell phones (MPT)
◇Animation quality as good as present TV displays n of
First- Different
First- cellular formats used standard (capable of worldwide use)large
◇International 2000 Set-up of a work group by ITU for standardizing the
in each service◇area
High-speed data communications with PCs data
format of the third-generation cell phones.
generation
generation (incapable of combined use) Set-up of a study group by MPT to work on the third-
generation cell phones jointly with the private sector.
cell Feb. 1992 Start of i-Mode services
cell phones
phones Transmission speed:
Dec. 1999 NTT DoCoMo started color-display services for its cell-phone subscribers.
Japan PDC system 2Mbps, Telecommunications Council advised to adopt the ITU system.
200 times higher Fujitsu
thansucceeded in transmitting data at 1 terabits/s to the distance of 10,000 km.
Europe & Asia GSM system With Kochi University of Technology succeeded in transmitting data at 20Gps to the distance o
functions the current level
NTT DoCoMo attained a wireless technology capable of 10-20Gps transmission.
North America cdmaOne (by Quarcom)of
text and
i-Mode ＝ NTT DoCoMo simple
image
cdmaOne ＝ DDI, IDO display
EzWeb ＝ Nippon Telecom May 1999 Kyocera introduced mobile color TV phones.
◇Internet connection service Analog
systems Apr. 1999 Text display service started by cell phone carriers.
◇Use of HTML (hyper text markup language)to NTT DoCoMo introduced "Doccimo" that can be used as a cell phone and PHS; started
GPS navigation services that offer town information as well; expanded the international
◇Mobile banking functions be service areas to 201 locations.
◇GPS navigation service replaced
with
◇E-mail service for up to 250 characters digital
Mar. 1999 systems
ITU set the international standard for the next-generation cell phones.
Apr. 1987 Cellular Dec. 1979 Car
Apr. 1987 Cellular Dec. 1979 Car
phones
phones July 1997 phones
phones
July 1997 June
June 1998
1998 Wireless
Wireless
PHS
PHS call
call Dec. 1998 Under the Iridium project, global-scale satellite cell phone services started.
ITU set the international standard for Internet fax.

Transmission speed: 9,600bps June 1998 Networked TV phone services started.

Text communications via cell phones NTT DoCoMo (Short Mail)
IDO (Petite Mail), Astel (Moji Talk)
July 1997 PHS services started.
Apr. 1987 Cellular phone services started.
Dec. 1979 Car phone services started.
 MIND Revolution
Basic functions
Seamless Seamless
Access
Access communic Networks environment Digital database
Exchange ationsDigitization
Digitization of regardless of
of broadcasting
broadcasting
Exchange of
of content
content Digital
Digital content
content
regardless and communications regions and
and communications
of devices locations
Personal computers M
M ND
ND I N
NDD
MI
MI MIN
MIND
Game machines
(Clients) The
The Internet
Internet
Digital cameras
DVD Removale
Car navigation systems
Mobile information terminals Online
Online services
services D-VHS
Media
Mobile communicationsOnline karaoke services Sneaker
Sneaker networks
networks
Storage
Digital VCRs
CD-ROMs
media
(Portable)
MP3 players
Information appliances
Digital broadcasting terminals Larger data Wireless-Mobile devices CDs/MDs
Transmission IC recorders
GP3 players
(STB) Higher speedpaths
Wired-Fixed devices Noncontact memory
Components
Control
Control Conduits
Conduits Content
Content
Six "con-" words
Contact
Contact Containers
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Case Studies - China

* gartner.com
 Case Studies - Brazil
- Society for Promoting Software Export
(SOFTEX), joint initiative of National Technology
Research and Development Council,the Brazilian
Ministry of Science and Technology,and the
United Nations Development Program, formed in
1993.
- Original budget of $9 million in 1993 rose to
$100 million in 1996.
- Phase I (1993-96): deployment of an
adequate infrastructure and other means, for
Brazilian companies to launch export efforts.
- Phase II (1997 to 2001): management was
turned over to SOFTEX, to be more business-
oriented and result-driven.
- Phase III (2002 onwards): Government funding
phased out
- Brazilian software and services increased their
sales in Asia, Europe,South and North America
- Revenue from exports rose to $27 million in
1997 from less than $1 million in 1991

* gartner.com
“Challenge is a dragon with a gift in its
mouth… Tame the dragon and the gift is
yours”
- Noela Evans