APPLICATION AND

IMPLICATIONS OF ICT
Objectives:
 At the end of the lesson, students should
be able to:
1. Describe the current and emerging
technological trends;
2. Assess the impact of ICT on job skills
and careers
Current Technological Trends
 Artificial intelligence (AI) – is the branch
of computer science concerned eith
making computers behave like humans:
It includes:
• Game playing
• Expert system – programming computer to
make decisions in real-life situation
• Robotics – programming comupters to see
and hear and react to other sensory stimuli.
What is Computer-Aided
Design and Drafting (CADD)?

 CADD is a term that refers to the use of

computers and graphics-oriented software to
aid in the design process. CAD systems allow
engineers to create two-dimensional or three-
dimensional electronic objects. They also
enable the designers to view the objects from
different perspectives.

• Example uses of CAD:

• Vehicle design:
 What are the advantages of a CADD
system?

 It allows a designer to modify the design

more easily than traditional manual drafting.
 It allows a designer to view the object from
different perspectives. Hence, the designer
does not need to produce a different
drawing for each view.
 It allows a designer to change the size of
the object.
 It reduces the design time.
What is Computer-Aided Manufacturing
(CAM)?

 Computer-aided manufacturing is a term

that refers to the use of computers to
control equipment drilling, welding and
milling in the manufacturing process.
• Example uses of CAM
• Vehicle welding
What are the advantages of CAM?

 The computer-controlled robot can perform

tasks with precision and it is more accurate
than a human.
 The computer-controlled equipment can
perform dangerous and repetitive tasks for
humans.
 The computer-controlled equipment reduces
production costs because it does not require
any annual leave, sick leave and other fringe
benefits.
Computer Assisted engineering
(CAE)
 The use of computer to assist in data
acquisition, analysis, data manipulation,
processing, reporting and
communication. Example to construct
maps etc.
Telemarketing:
 The use of telephone to market/sell
goods and services
Teleconferencing
 In which a television picture links two or
more physically separated parties to
conduct meeting.
 Video camera (web cam) on computers
allow teleconference over the internet.
Impact of IT on the
workplace:

Jobs skills and careers

Medical Personnel
 Word-processing – used to prepare
articles
 Database searches and Information
retrieval
 Communication – using Fax, email,
newsgroup
 Use of hardware and software for
diagnosis
Law Enforcement
 Wordprocessing and document
preparation – used for preparing case
report, letters etc;

 Database: storing records and

conducting searches – accessing record
kept on known offenders
Movie Industry
 Word-processing and document
preparation – scripts
 Animation
 Accounting and bugetting
Engineers
 Software programming – the ability to
design, test and; implement
 Installing hardware and software
 Manipulating peripherals such as:
sensor, graphic tablets etc.
 Using communication systems (LAN,
WAN, internet)
Musicians
 Compose music and prepare lyrics
 Use MIDI hardware to produce music
and interfacing with computer systems to
add instrument sound, special effects
 Storing and retrieving music tracks
Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)

What is CAL?
 Computer assisted learning is a term which
refers to the use of computers in assisting
learning. For example, a teacher may use a
graph plotting software to demonstrate the
behaviour of different functions in a
mathematics lesson; a student may use a drill-
and-practice program to practice what he/she
has just learnt from a lesson or use a tutorial
program to enhance a skill or a subject.
Computers in Education/Teaching

The capability of interacting with learners

makes computers as powerful tools for
enhancing the process of learning. In
addition, computers also play an
important role in searching for
information and school administration.
 What are the advantages of CAL?

 The multimedia contents, such as special sound

effects, animation and video can arouse students'
interest in learning.
 Tedious practices in arithmetic and spelling can be
turned into entertaining games. This makes
learning more exciting and interesting.
 Some CAL software includes testing and
diagnostic features which allow teachers to
identify common misconceptions of their students.
 CAL can provide immediate feedback to students.
What are the advantages of CAL?

 Students can learn at their own pace. This

alleviates the pressure on the slow learners so
that they can keep up with their peers.
What are the advantages of CAM?

 The computer-controlled robot can perform

tasks with precision and it is more accurate
than a human.
 The computer-controlled equipment can
perform dangerous and repetitive tasks for
humans.
 The computer-controlled equipment reduces
production costs because it does not require
any annual leave, sick leave and other fringe
benefits.
Computers in Recreation

 Recreation is another area of computer

application. You can play electronic golf
at home. You can play chess with the
computer as your opponent. Some
software combines entertainment and
education.
Computers in Business Applications

 banking,
 supermarkets and
 transaction payments
Internet banking

 What can Internet banking do for you?

 It can help you:
 transfer money from one account to another.
 pay bills now or schedule future payments.
 check account balances and transaction
history.
 access previous account statements.
 request cheque books.
 initiate stop payment requests.
What can an ATM do for you?

It can help you:

 - withdraw cash.
 - transfer money from one account to another.

 - pay bills.
 - check account balances.

 - request cheque books and bank statements.

 - change personal identification number.
Computers in Office
Applications
Office automation (OA)
 Office automation is the use of hardware,
software and networks to enhance
general office works such as
communication among employees, and
documents typing and filing.
Computers in Office…
 Use of wordprocessg, spreadsheet,
database, presentation
 Budgeting
 Communication – via fax, email,
newsgroups
Computers in Scientific Applications
 Computers in Scientific Applications
 Computers are used extensively in
science. For example, meteorologists
use computers to study the formation of
tornadoes, Weather forecasting
 Creation of new job opportunities

Computer usage can lead to displacement of some jobs which are

formerly performed by humans, but it also creates new job opportunities.
Somebody has to be employed to develop software, operate and repair
computers and their peripherals, market computers and software and so
on. The followings are some of the typical jobs generated by computers:
 Computer operators
 System analysts
 Application programmers
 System programmers
 Database administrators
 Network administrators
 Customer service engineers
 Web masters
 Computer instructors
 Activity

1. Discuss three ways in which computers

can be used to:
a) Assist teachers in their jobs
b) Help workers in the banking industry
c) Assist doctors

d) Assist police department

e) Assist accountants
 Activity

 Distinguish between CAD and CAM.

 Give three (3) advantages and three (3)
disadvantages of CAD and CAM.