UPDATED SCENARIO OF INDIAN

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

FFB-123
Inland Fisheries
College of Fishery Sciences
G.B. Pant University of Agric. & Tech., Pantnagar
 STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
I) MARINE RESOURCES :
• Indian Coastline
• Continental shelf area
• Exclusive Economic Zone
• Brackish water area
II) INLAND RESOURCES :
• Area under tanks and ponds
• Area available for
fresh water fish culture
ha.
• Area of reservoirs
• Beels, Oxbow and lakes
: 8129 Kms.
: 0.506 m. sq.km.
: 2.02 m.sq.kms.
: 1.24 million ha.
: 2.214 million ha.
: 5.4 million
: 2.90 million ha.
: 0.82 million ha.
 STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
I) STATUS IN TERMS OF FISH PRODUCTION:
• Production at the end of I five year plan : 0.839 mmt.
• Production at the end of IX five year plan : 5.657 mmt.
YEARWISE FISH PRODUCTION FROM INDIA (MMT)
Marine fish Percentage Inland Percentage Total Fish
Year production share (%) Fish (%) Production
(mmt) Production ( mmt)
(mmt)
2004-05 2.92 45.13 3.47 54. 60 6.39

2005-06 2.91 45.04 3.49 54. 96 6.40

2006-07 2.90 44.93 3.50 55. 07 6.41

2007-08 2.89 44.78 3.51 55. 22 6.42

2008-09 2.88 44.65 3.50 55. 35 6.43

 CAPTURE FISHERIES
• Monitoring of exploited marine fish stocks
• Stock assessment of commercially important marine
species
• Marine biodiversity, database, conservation &
management
• Fisheries enhancement in inland open waters
• Catchment ecology in relation to fisheries
• Ecology and Fishery potential of canals
• Riverine hydrodynamics and fish behaviour
• Hill fishery resources assessment and management
• Development of sport fishery in hill areas
• GIS based inventory of aquatic resources
• Development of predictive models
 CULTURE FISHERIES
 Breeding and culture of aquatic organisms
 Fish health management
 Fish nutrition and feed development
 Aquafarm engineering
 Integrated fish farming
 Environment Impact Assessment
 Cage/pen culture in large water bodies &
floodplain wetlands
 Development of pearl culture technologies
 Ornamental fish culture
 Coastal zone management
 Fish Diversity in India
TOTAL NO. OF FISH SPECIES : 2118

• Marine water 1360 species (64.21%)

• Inland water 758 species (35.79%)

• Warm water plain 433 species (20.44%)

• Brackish water 171 species (8.07%)

• Cold water 154 species (7.27%)

 STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR
I) EXPORT OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA:
• First position holder among agro based commodity export from
India in terms of revenue generation
• Total Export of Fish / Fish Products (2002-03)
Quantity : 4,67,000 tons
Revenue earned : 6,881 crore Rs.
• STATUS OF FISH PROCESSING IN INDIA
• Consumed in fresh form : 65 %
• Cured form : 14 %
• Frozen form : 6.6 %
• Reduced in Manure/byproduct : 8.0 %
• Special processing : 2.0 %
• EXPORT ORIENTED PROCESSING
• Frozen fish / shell fish : > 90 %
• Frozen shrimp : 70 %
• Frozen fish : 11 %
• Frozen Squid : 6%
• Frozen Cuttle fish : 6%
 1% 6%

35%

58%

0-50 50-100 200-500 oceanic

 Major cultivated groups in India
Freshwater Carps, catfishes, murrels,
trouts, prawns, crayfishes,
mussels, frogs, plants.
Brackishwater Milkfish, mullets, shrimps
Marine water Lobsters, crabs, oysters,
clams, seaweeds
Potential of Fishery Resources in the Indian EEZ

Depth range (m) 0 - 50 50 - 200 200 - 500 Oceanic Total

Demersal 1.28 0.625 0.028 -- 1.933

Neretic Pelagic 1.00 0.742 -- -- 1.742

Oceanic Pelagic -- -- -- 0.246 0.246

Total 2.28 1.367 0.028 0.246 3.921

% of Potential 58.1 34.9 0.7 6.3 100.0

Available for
0.20 0.737 0.028 0.246 1.211
Exploitation
 Indian fisheries
Global position 3rd in Fisheries
2nd in Aquaculture

Contribution of fisheries to GDP (%) 1.07

(Rs. 34,758 crore)
Contribution to agricultural GDP (%) 5.84

Per capita fish availability (kg) 9.0

Annual export earnings 7,200

(Rs. in crore)
Employment in sector (million) 14.0
 Aquatic Resources
Coastline 8118 kms
Exclusive economic zone 2.02 million sq. km
Rivers and canals 1,97,024 km
Reservoirs 3.15 million ha
Ponds and tanks 2.35 million ha
Oxbow lakes and derelict waters 1.3 million ha

Brackish water 1.24 million ha

Estuaries 0.29 million ha
 Resources
• The coldwater fishery resources comprise high and mid altitude lakes,
rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across such rivers.
• Water resources Length/area
• Himalayan and deccan Plateau river systems 8,310 km
• Brackishwater lakes (above 3,000 msl) 2,340 ha
• Freshwater natural lakes (1,500-2,000 msl) 18,150 ha
• Kashmir high mountain lakes (above 3,000 msl) 400 ha
• Valley wetland ecosystems 3,000 ha
• Shivalik Himalayan lakes 74 ha
• Central Himalayas (freshwater lakes in Kumaon region) 355 ha
• Himalayan man-made lakes and reservoirs 43,770 ha
• Peninsular region Natural lakes85 ha
• Peninsular region Man made lakes and reservoirs4, 400 ha
 Global production of culture finfish
and shellfish by environment
Environment Million Tons Value (Billion $)

Freshwater 11.74 (63%) 15.97 (48%)

Brackish water 1.51 (8.0%) 7.56 (22%)

Marine water 5.30 (29%) 10.00 (30%)

Fishermen Commercial and Subsistence

Part Time
24%

Occasional
36%
Full Time
40%
TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA
(in lakh tonnes)
YEAR MARINE INLAND TOTAL
1950-51 5.34 2.18 7.52
1960-61 8.80 2.80 11.60
1970-71 10.86 6.70 17.56
1980-81 15.55 8.87 24.42
1990-91 23.00 15.36 38.36
1991-92 23.47 17.10 41.57
1992-93 25.76 17.89 43.65
1993-94 26.49 19.95 46.44
1994-95 26.92 20.97 47.89
1995-96 27.07 22.42 49.49
1996-97 29.67 23.81 53.48
1997-98 29.41 24.39 53.80
1998-99 26.96 25.66 52.62
1999-00 28.34 28.23 56.57
2000-01 28.11 28.45 56.56
2001-02 28.31 33.01 61.34
2002-03 29.90 32.10 62.00
2003-04 29.24 34.49 63.73
 Production (in Lakh Tonnes)

10
15
20
25
30
35
40

0
5
1950-51

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

Years
1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00
MARINE

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03
INLAND

2003-04
SECTORWISE FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA
RANK WISE % CONTRIBUTION (2008-09)

MARINE INLAND TOTAL

WEST WEST
GUJARAT 20.8 28.6 18.4
BENGAL BENGAL
ANDHRA ANDHRA
KERALA 20.8 18.8 14.3
PRADESH PRADESH

MAHRASHTRA 13.7 BIHAR 7.7 KERALA 10.7

UTTAR
TAMILNADU 12.8 7.4 GUJARAT 10.3
PRADESH
ANDHRA
9.0 ORISSA 5.5 MAHRASHTRA 8.3
PRADESH
Marine Fisheries Profile for 2009
Resources-wise Region-wise Vessel-wise
North-
Pelagic 53
West
34 Mechanised 68

South-
Demersal 26
West
33 Motorised 25

South-
Crustacean 17 East 23 Artisanal 7

North-
Molluscs 4
East
9
Major Marine Resources during 2008
Resources % Contribution
Oil Sardines 13
Ribbon Fish 7
Bombay Duck 5
Mackerel 4
Croakers 5
Carangids 5
Perches 8
Elasmobranchs 2
Tuna/Seer/Pomfret 2
Shrimp (P/NP) 13
 MARINE RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN INDIAN EEZ
Sl.No. Item Potential Resources Estimated Yield
1. Sharks, Ray and Skates 168 72
2. Eels 7 11
3. Anchovies 53 92
4. Lessser Sardines 306 154
5. Oil Sardines 191 49
6. Bombay duck 104 185
7. Lizard fish 48 16
8. Perches 239 133
9. Catfish 123 71
10. Sciaenids 142 27
11. Pomfrets 54 64
12. Ribbon fish 311 167
13. Carangids 447 105
14. Silver bellies 86 77
15. Mackerel 224 190
16. Seer fish 42 37
17. Coastal tunas 279 38
18. Flat fish 38 30
19. Oceanic Tunas and tune like fishes 209 Neg.
20. Bill fishes 4 Neg.
21. Deep sea fish 71 Neg.
22. Deep sea prawn and lobster 8 Neg.
23. Penaeid prawns 178 172
24. Non-penaeid Prawns 54 67
25. Cephalopods (Cuttlefish/Squid/etc.) 71 67
26. Others 443 1045
27. Total : 3900 2869
Sources of Funding in Fisheries
National International
Plan FAO / UNDP
Non - Plan NORAD
AP Cess ICLARM
World Bank
Adhoc Projects
DANIDA
Revolving Funds
DFID
Network Projects
French Aid
Govt. Science Deptts. Japanese Aid
Private Organizations IFS
Autonomous Bodies ACIAR
Financial Institutions NACA
BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

Only about 10% of the available

brackishwater resources are under
utilization presently.

Weaknesses in terms of unregulated

development of coastal aquaculture and
single species approach with shrimp for
the short time higher profitability would
need to be addressed.
BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

Emerging technologies for several high

value fish breeding and their aquaculture
such as sea-bass, groupers, pearl spot,
milk fish, mullets and several
commercially important shell-fish such as
oysters, clams, cockles, lobsters, crabs and
shrimp species would need to be put into
practice.
BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

Presently the 75 shrimp hatcheries

have a capacity to produce about
3.90 billion shrimp seed in the
country. During early 21 st

Century, India would need about

500 hatcheries to produce about
30 billion shrimp seed.
BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

Fin-fish seed requirement for

brackishwater aquaculture
would be about 2 billion.
Besides seed of Crabs, lobster
mollusk and other non-
conventional aquatic fish/ shell
species would be required.
 Chilka lake
• Coordinates19°43′N
• Lake type part freshwater part saltwater
• Primary sources Mahanadi River
• Primary outflows Bay of Bengal
• Basin countries India
• Max length 29 km
• Surface area 906-1165 km²
• Max depth 132 m
• Surface elevation 0-2 m above MSL
• Settlements Satpara, Puri, Orissa, India
• Largest coastal lake in India.
 2. Pulicate Lake

• Pulicate lake at a Glance

Area -   468 Sq.Kms.
Status -  2nd biggest brackish water lake
STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING FISH PRODUCTION

• Bringing more and more water area under

aquaculture practices
• Increasing productivity of existing water bodies
• Diversification & Intensification of culture
practices
• Intensification of mariculture/searanching
activities
• Increasing coverage of area of fishing operations
• Technologies to be developed for utilization of
unconventional fish species & by-catch discard
THREATS TO THE FISHERIES SECTOR
• Anthropogenic interventions resulting in loss of bio-diversity,
decline in fish catch, depletion of natural resources
• Man made alterations – construction of dams & barrages
• Increased water abstraction & deforestation
• Overexploitation of coastal fisheries
• Pollution of water bodies with industrial & domestic effluent
• Possible environmental degradation due to intensification of
culture practices
• Clandestine introduction & spread of exotic fish species
• Unscientific management of fisheries & aquaculture
activities
• Unplanned & unregulated development of fish /shrimp farms
• Contamination of indigenous fish germplasm resources
WISH FOR THE GROWTH
OF THE

FISHERIES SECTOR