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Functions- I
“osmosis, active transport, ion
channels and ion pumps”
Presented by:-
Apurva Patel
Sem- VI
M.Sc.Biotechnology
contents
Introduction
Functions
Permeability of membrane
Transport across membrane
Passive transport
Osmosis
Ion channels
Carrier protiens
Active transport
Summary
Introduction
∆ G= RT Ln [Ci]/[Co]
Where,
∆ G= free energy change
T= temperature
R= gas constant
[Ci]/[Co]= concentration of solute inside/concentration of
solutes outside
Diffusion of water=
“Osmosis”
“Osmosis is the passive transport of water”
Water moves readily through a semi permeable
membrane from a region of lower solute
concentration to a region of higher solute
concentration. This process is called as osmosis.
Osmotic Shock
“Osmosis in Pocket Switch
Networks (PSNs)”
Osmosis for file sharing!!!
This scheme forwards lookups in an epidemic
fashion & then take advantage of the traces
left behind to route reply messages.
By analogy to the natural phenomenon of
osmosis in biology, those traces represent
the solute & define the potential of nodes
over the network.
The reply messages then flow towards high
potential areas, closer & closer to the
original lookup sender.
Diffusion of ions = “Ion
Channels”
In 1995, Alan Hodgkin & Richard
Keynes first proposed that cell
membrane contain ion channels.
Ion channels are transmembrane
protien that function as selective pores
through which molecules or ions can
diffuse across the membrane.
About 1 billion ions/sec are
transported through each channel.
Have Gates that open & close.
Classification of ion channels
Ligand gated channels
Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor
Voltage gated channels
K+ ion channel
KcsA
Kv
Second messenger gated channels
G-protiens
Mechanosensitive channels
Movements of streocilia on hair cells 0f inner ear
Gap junctions, porins not gated
Nicotine Acetylcholine
receptor
Potassium ion channels
The Transient Receptor
Potential (TRP) Ion
channels
TRP shows diverse biophysical properties &
gating mechanism.
Were found to play an important role in
sensory physiology, being involved in almost
every sensory signal initiation from pain
sensation to the 5 senses.
Plays a major role in the transepithelial Ca+2 &
Mg+2 transport.
Eg. TRPC1 & TRPA1--- Mechanosensitive
TRPV4 --- thermo sensitive
Diseases causes due to
defects in ion channel
Cystic fibrosis (CFTR)
Long-Qt
syndrome
(KVLQTI)
Faciliated diffusion = “carrier
molecules”
Carrier proteins don’t have pores!!!
The substance being transported is initially bound to a
specific site on carrier protein.
This causes conformational changes in protein which
expose the substance to the solution on other side of
membrane & finally it dissociates from protein.
This passive carrier mediated transport is called as
faciliated diffusion.
Eg. Glucose transporter.
Glucose transporter