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 |  
SUMIT KUMAR
CIVIL ENGG.
HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNDER GUIDANCE OF:-
OF:- PROF. M.M .BAG
 
° Introduction
° seismology
° What is earthquake
° What causes earthquake
° Zone of earthquake
° How earthquake causes damage
° Construction method
° Protection against earthquake damage
° Dampers & earthquake resistant expansion joint
° Engineering structure
° conclusion
 
° Whenever there is an earthquake related
disaster in the news with collapsed
buildings &other structure all over the
place, one may think that earthquake
resistant design(EQRD) of structure are
still in dark age. Thus we desperately need
advanced earthquake resistant design to
make structure less vulnerable to
earthquake even for large earthquake.
Seismology is the branch of Geophysics
concerned with the study and analysis of
Earthquakes and the science of energy
propagation through the Earth's crust.
Engineering Seismology is concerned with the
solution of engineering problems connected with
the Earthquakes. Seismology is extremely
important because:
Study of earthquakes gives us important clues
about the earth¶s interior
Understanding earthquakes allows us to
minimize the damage and loss of life
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Earth is divided into sections called
Tectonic plates that float on the fluid-like
interior of the Earth. Earthquakes are
usually caused by sudden movement of
earth plates
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Faults are localized areas of weakness in
the surface of the Earth,sometimes the
plate boundary itself
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° The severe shaking produced by seismic
waves can damage or destroy building &
bridges , topple utility poles & fracture gas
and water mains.
° S wave can put stress on building to tear
them apart. Also trigger landslide or
avalanches.
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° Base-isolation are designed in buildings .
Base-
It is a building designed to reduce amount
of energy that reaches the building during
earthquake.
° Flexible joints and automatic shut off
valves can be installed.
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° +!to be designed and constructed as per
+!to
the building by laws to withstand ground shaking.
Architectural and engineering inputs need to be put
together to improve building design and construction
practices. The soil type needs to be analyzed before
construction. Building structures on soft soil should be
avoided. Buildings on soft soil are more likely to get
damaged even if the magnitude of the earthquake is not
strong . Similar problems persist in the building
constructed on the river banks which have alluvial soil.
 
° In the coming years the work in the field of
EQRD is very important to have safe
structures which can take the effect of
earthquake with less damage to the
society.
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