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What is Heredity?
2. Involved chromosomes
5. Sex-linked interactions
6. Locus–locus interactions
Heredity Variation
P = G + E + (G*E)
Where
P = phenotype of individual
G= genotype of individual
E = environment of individual
G*E = interaction of genotype and environment
Heredity Variation (cont.)
Mutation
The ultimate source of all genetic variation is mutation-changes to the DNA itself.
Types of Mutation
Germ mutation - occurs in gametes.
Somatic mutation - occurs in body cells.
Gene mutation
Chromosome mutations:
Somatic Mutation
Lali born near New Delhi, India on Manar (Cairo): The baby had
March 11. She has a rarebirth defect craniopagus parasiticus, a rare birth
called diprosopus that gave her two defect where a child's skull is linked to
faces on one head the head of an undeveloped twin
Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Heredity Disorder
Heredity diseases are disorders that are inherited by a person
from his or her parents or are related to some type of spontaneous
genetic change.
What is Evolution?
Variation
Competition
Fitness
Adaptation
The evolution of insecticide resistance is an example
of natural selection in action
Insecticide
Chromosome with gene application
conferring resistance
to insecticide
Survivor
Additional
applications of the
same insecticide will
be less effective, and
the frequency of
resistant insects in
the population
will grow
Evidence of Evolution
Biogeography: Geographical distribution of species.
Fossil Record: Fossils and the order in which they appear in layers of
sedimentary rock (strongest evidence).
Evidence
Eastern Long Necked Turtle
Evidence
Ammonite casts Fossilized organic matter in a leaf
Evidence
A mass of evidence validates the evolutionary view of life
Evidence
Evidence
Comparative embryology
Fish
Chick
Pig
Human
Evidence
Molecular biology:
Last common
ancestor lived 80 MYA
26 million years
ago (MYA), 275 MYA
based on
fossil evidence
330 MYA
450 MYA
Evidence
Types of Evolution
Microevolution - A change in a population’s gene pool over a
secession of generations.
Evolutionary changes in species over relatively brief periods
of geological time.
1. Genetic drift
2. Gene Flow
3. Mutation
4. Non-random mating
5. Natural selection
Micro Evolution
Micro Evolution
Importance of Evolution
Plays an important role for the survival for each species in
today’s society.