You are on page 1of 12

w w

r Energy conservation means more efficient use of


energy without reducing production levels and without
sacrificing product quality, safety or environmental
standards.

r VFDs help to limit demand and electrical consumption


of motors by reducing the amount of energy they
consume

.
c c
r Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
r A VFD can be used to control both the speed and
torque of a standard induction AC electric motor.
r It varies both the frequency and amps of the AC
waveform being delivered to the motor saving money
in electricity.
r Basic components of a VFD:
r Input section, draws AC electric power from the utility,
Rectifier section, converts the AC into DC power.
r Inverter section, converts DC back into a controllable AC
waveform.
 wc c c

r Úhe synchronous speed of AC motor is determined
by the frequency of the AC supply and number of
poles in the stator winding according to the
relation:
n = (120 x f)/p
where
n=revolutions per minute(rpm)
f=AC power frequency(Hz)
p=Number of poles per phase

wccwc
r [   
  : Intermediate DC link voltage remains
approximately constant during each output cycle.

r [ 
  : Large inductor is placed between the input
rectifier and the output bridge, so the current delivered is nearly
constant.

r [

  : No input rectifier or DC link and instead connects
each output terminal to the appropriate input phase.
a   

r Úhe most common type of packaged VF drive is the


constant-voltage type.

r Uses pulse width modulation to control both the


frequency and effective voltage applied to the motor
load
cc cwwa
6  


^Úhey are solid state electronic power conversion
devices.
^First converts AC input power to DC intermediate
power using a rectifier or converter bridge.
^Rectifier: usually 3-phase, full wave diode bridge.
^DC intermediate power is then converted to quasi-
sinusoidal AC power using an inverter switching
circuit.
r Inverter circuit is probably the most important
section of the VFD - changes DC energy into three
channels of AC energy that can be used by an AC
motor.

r In order to get the desired frequency we use the pulse


width modulation technique in the inverter section.
0    

r Àulse width modulation is a modulation technique for
generating variable width pulses to represent the amplitude
of an input analog signal or wave.
r Àulse Width Modulation (ÀWM) techniques is commonly
used in a variable frequency drive scheme to control the
rotational speed of an induction motor.
r Úhe basic ÀWM control principle is the Volt/Hertz ratio
which reflects the inductance properties of the motor
windings.
w6w w 
º Àotential power factor improvement up to .98
ºImproved system efficiency (Example, Cooling Úower).
º Reduced audible noise.
º Reduced wear on motors, belts, and other components,
fewer revolutions per year.
º Greatly reduce maintenance cost of mechanical flow
controls.
 w  

You might also like