Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Job
A group of related activities
and duties Job
Job
• Position
The different duties and
responsibilities performed
by only one employee Job
Job Job
Job Job
Job
• Job Family
A group of individual jobs
with similar characteristics
Knowledge
Skills
Abilities
• Job Specification
Statement of the needed knowledge, skills, and
abilities (KSAs) of the person who is to perform the
job
• Job Description
Statement of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities
(TDRs) of a job to be performed
Recruitment
Recruitment Determine
Determinerecruitment
recruitmentqualifications
qualifications
Provide
Providejob
jobduties
dutiesand
andjob
job
Selection
Selection specifications for selection process
specifications for selection process
Performance
Performance Provide
Provideperformance
performancecriteria
criteriafor
for
Appraisal evaluating employees
evaluating employees
Appraisal
Training
Trainingand
and Determine
Determinetraining
trainingneeds
needsand
anddevelop
develop
Development instructional programs
instructional programs
Development
Compensation
Compensation Provide
Providebasis
basisfor
fordetermining
determining
Management employee’s
employee’s rateof
rate ofpay
pay
Management
Presentation Slide 3–1
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 3–7
Job Analysis
• Job Analysis
The process of obtaining information about jobs by
determining what the duties, tasks, or activities of jobs
are.
HR managers use the data to develop job descriptions
and job specifications that are the basis for employee
performance appraisal and development.
• What is analyzed?
Work activities
Working conditions
Supervisors
Location
Schedule
Figure 3.1
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 3–12
Determining Job Requirements
Nature of: Basis for:
Job Analysis
•• What
Whatemployee
employeedoes
does
•• Why
Whyemployee
employeedoes
doesitit •• Determining
Determiningjob
jobrequirements
requirements
•• How
Howemployee
employeedoes
doesitit
Job Description
•• Summary •• Employee
Employeeorientation
Summarystatement
statementofofthe
thejob
job orientation
•• List •• Employee
Employeeinstruction
Listof
ofessential
essentialfunctions
functionsofofthe
the instruction
job
job •• Disciplinary
Disciplinaryaction
action
Job Specification
•• Personal •• Recruitment
Personalqualifications
qualificationsrequired
required Recruitment
in
interms
termsof
ofskills,
skills,education
educationand
and •• Selection
Selection
experience
experience •• Development
Development
• Essential Functions
Statements in the job description of job duties and
responsibilities that are critical for success on the job.
The purpose of essential functions is to match and
accommodate human capabilities to job requirements.
• A job function is essential if:
The position exists to perform the function.
A limited number of employees are available to
perform the function.
The function is specialized, requiring needed
expertise or abilities to complete the job.
• Interviews
• Questionnaires
• Observation
• Diaries
Functional
FunctionalJob
Job
Analysis
Analysis
Position
PositionAnalysis
Analysis
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Critical
CriticalIncident
Incident
Method
Method
HRIS
HRISand
andJob
Job
Analysis
Analysis
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Revised *Hyphenated factors are single factors.
Handbook for Analyzing Jobs (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991), 5. Figure 3.2
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 3–22
Approaches to Job Analysis
– Information input
– Mental processes
– Work output
– Relationships
– Job context
– Other characteristics
Interview
Interview Supervisor
Supervisor
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Job Securing
Securing Final
Final
Job consensus Draft
Analyst
Analyst consensus Draft
Interview
Interview
Questionnaire Employees
Employees
Questionnaire
Observation
Observation
Combine
Combineand
and Tentative
Tentative
reconcile data
reconcile data draft
draft
• Job Title
Indicates job duties and organizational level
• Job Identification
Distinguishes job from all other jobs
• Essential Functions (Job Duties)
Indicate responsibilities entailed and results to be
accomplished
• Job Specifications
Skills required to perform the job and physical
demands of the job
• Job Title
Provides status to the employee.
Indicates what the duties of the job entails.
Indicates the relative level occupied by its holder in
the organizational hierarchy.
Global
Changes
Demographics
• Flatter Organizations
• Work Teams
• Boundaryless Organizations (virtual,
network, modular)
• Reengineering
P re s id e n t
C h ie f E x e c u tiv e O ffic e r
E x e c u tiv e A s s is ta n t
V ic e P re s id e n t V ic e P re s id e n t V ic e P re s id e n t V ic e P re s id e n t V ic e P re s id e n t
S a le s M a r k e tin g H u m a n R e s o u rc e s O p e ra tio n s F in a n c e
S a le s S a le s S a le s S a le s S a le s A c c o u n tin g
A c c o u n tin g
E x e c u t iv e a n d
O p e r a t io n s
Team
T e c h n ic a l M a n u f a c t u r in g P e o p le F in a n c e P u r c h a s in g a n d S a le s , S e r v ic e a n d
D e v e lo p m e n t E n g in e e r in g S y s te m s Team S u p p llie r Q u a lit y M a r k e t in g
Team Team Team Team Team
General
WAL MART
Electric