HAWK EYE

Presented by

Nikhil Mohan Narsapur

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 What is Hawk Eye?
Hawk-Eye is a used to track the path of the ball. 

In some sports, like tennis, it is now part of the adjudication

process.

It is also used in some instances to predict the future path of

a ball in cricket.
 History

 Developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research

Limited of Romsey Hampshire in the UK, in 2001.

 A UK patent was submitted but withdrawn by Dr Paul

Hawkins and David Sherry. 

 Later was given to Hawk-Eye Innovations Ltd., as a

joint venture with television production
company Sunset+Vine.
 General Overview
Applicable to ball games.

Our discussion will mostly contain applications which

specific to the game of cricket.
 Various Issues
1. Dimensions of ground can vary greatly.
 

2. More cameras to get the coverage of the entire field.

 

3. Fielders and spectators might obstruct the camera’s view

of the ball
4. The ball might get confused with other similar objects.

5. To help in judging LBW calls.

6. To determine the points at which the ball makes contact

with the pitch.
Flow Chart
 Step-by-step details of the
HAWKEYE system
1 The cameras

2 Preparation before starting to process

3 Core Image Processing Job

 The cameras

Cameras are of 120 Mhz frame rate

 Preparation before starting to
process
A predetermined model is loaded.

The statistics generator might also aid in storing

data such as the average velocity of the ball.

This data is crucial as it can help the ball

detection algorithm to predict the rough location
of the ball in an image given the position in the
previous image.
Core Image Processing Job
This part of the system can be further divided into 4 major
parts

(1) Identifying pixels representing the ball in each image.

 
(2) Applying some geometric algorithm on the set of
images at each instant.
 
(3) Coming up with the 3D position of the ball in space.
 
(4) Putting frames at various times together
 Identifying pixels
An algorithm is used to find the pixels
corresponding to the ball in the image obtained.

A blob detection scheme can be used to detect a

round object in the image.

We have as output the x and y co-ordinates of

the ball in each image.
 Geometric Algorithm
 The data of x and y co-ordinates from each camera is
obtained by the Geometric Algorithm which is at work
inside the HAWKEYE system.

Knowing the exact positions of the cameras in space and

the x and y co-ordinates of the ball one can determine
accurately the position of the ball in 3D.
The ball is actually at the position shown by the red circle, at
some height above ground.
The view in the cameras will look something like
the one shown below. The view below shows the
picture as seen by Camera 2 in the figure above.
 Depth
Let us assume that the radial angle, as seen from the
wickets marked in the figure, between Camera 1 and
Camera 2 is θ and the radius of the field is r. Then, the
depth of the ball as seen from Camera 2 is as follows:
 Putting frames at various
times together

The two parts to this computation are:

 
(a) Tracking the ball at various instants.
 
(b) Predicting the flight or trajectory of the ball.
 (a) Tracking the ball at various
instants:

The images are taken by cameras at times t0, t1,…..,tn during

the play of a single ball.

Computation done at each time instant, ti ,0≤i≤n we will get n

points, say (xi,yi,zi) for 0≤i≤n.

Plot the n points.

 (b) Predicting the flight or
trajectory of the ball:
There is a standard technique, used commonly i.e. Computer
Aided Geometric Design

The more points we can get on the curve and the higher
degree of polynomial basis we choose to use, we will end up
with better approximations to the original curve.

It goes through some points which are of special interest.

These include the ball hitting the pitch, the stumps, and the
batsman among others.
 The Triangulation Process

Triangulation can also refer to the accurate surveying of

systems of very large triangles, called triangulation networks.

how a point could be located from the angles subtended

from three known points, but measured at the new unknown
point rather than the previously fixed points, a problem called 
resectioning.
 Applications of Hawk Eye

Mainly used in ball games with predetermined area.

Strategy formulation and studies.

Gathering statistics
 LBW Decisions

As mentioned previously, the HAWKEYE can accurately capture

the trajectory of the ball and also predict the future direction of
the ball using mathematical calculations.
 Wagon Wheels

The trajectories which the ball has taken after being hit by the
batsman are recorded in the system. This is used to generate a
graphic showing 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, and 6s all in different colours for a
batsman.
 Pitch Maps

As shown above, the Pitch Map graphic uses information about

the position where the ball bounced on the pitch. The image
above clearly shows the pitch being divided into various “zones”
which the experts consider in their analysis.
DeSpin

RailCam

Beehives
 Tennis
Hawk Eye was first used in the year 2004.

In tennis Hawk Eye generates the impact of the ball

whether the ball is ‘IN’ or ‘OUT’.
 Snooker
This technology is useful in cases where the path of the cue ball
can be tracked.

It is now being widely used in the computer games too. ‘Brain

Lara 2005’ uses this in its special feature.
 Conclusion
We have thus seen that the HAWKEYE is a great innovation,
which puts technology to good use in the field of sports.

The technology is used widely these days, in sports such as

Tennis and Cricket.

Very fast and accurate(99.99%).

Has a great future

Hawk Eye is currently developing a system for Football.

Thank You