V Beginning of 16th century

V Brunei was an important sultanate in the northwestern

part of borneo.
V It was stratigically located of the sea lanes of South
China Sea.
V However Bruneiǯs authority over its vast territory has
begun to weaken due to the coming of the western
power.
—ho are those western
powers?
V In 1577 and 1580, Spanish
tried to conquer Brunei
with naval attacks.

V they even ransacked

Brunei Town in 1645.
However they did not succeed in establishing a
lasting hold over Brunei.

V Thus it was left to Dutch and British in their

attempt to dominate Borneo.
V In 1600, Dutch Admiral,
Oliver van Noort visited Brunei.

V Dutch were not interested in

North Borneo, but they focussed
on southern and western part of
Borneo.

V They began to develop trade

relation with sultanate along
southern and western coasts of
Borneo.

V However disaster struck when Dutch tried to established

themselves.
 V ðnd of 18th Century

V Dutch succeeded in establishing their

control in the western and southern part of
Borneo by using forced and diplomacy.

V However political development in europe

soon forced them to withdraw from most of
their territory in Borneo.
 V 


   

V British concentrated on the northern part of the island due

to strategic reasons.

V Dutch extended their influence in southern part for

political and commercial reasons.

V North Borneo became important to British as they needed

a place for their ship over between straits of Malacca and
China

V British captured Manila in 1762 during the Seven Tears —ar

in ðurope but had no long-term interest on it so it was
returned to Spain in 1764.
 Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824

The treaty was signed on 23 March 1824 and through

this treaty, Dutch and British agreed to settle their
territorial conflicts in the ðast.

As a result:-
V The Dutch control the south of the Straits of
Malacca (southern part of Borneo, Bencoolen)

V The British control the north of Straits of Malacca

(Malacca, Singapore)
 Arrival of James Brooke

V James Brooke a well-known British adventurer, had

been a military officer in British India. —ith the
money that his father left for him, James Brooke
bought a yacht called the DzRoyalistdz. His plan was to
explore the Marudu Bay, New Guinea and Sulu Islands
for Scientific and Commercia interests. At that time,he
had no political ambitions.
 ðmergence of James Brooke in Brunei

V James Brooke reached in Singapore in 1838 where he

heard that Sarawak was rich in antimony ore. So he set
off to Lidah Tanah (Kuching)in august 1839.

V At the same time, Datu Patinggi Ali lead a rebellion

against the oppressive Pengiran Indera Mahkota
(Bruneiǯs Governor of Sarawak) who was hated by the
local people for using force labour to extract ore from
mines.
V Pengiran Muda Hashim was sent by Sultan Omar Ali
Saifuddien II to solve the political problem in Sarawak.
However Pengiran Muda Hashim failed to settle due to
the dispute he have with Pengiran Indera Mahkota.

V —hen James brooke arrived,Pengiran Muda Hashim

asked for his help to end the rebellion in return he will
be appointed as the Governor of Sarawak.

V After James Brooke successfully ended the rebellion,

he asked Pengiran Muda Hashim to keep his promise
to appoint him as the Governor of Sarawak and forgive
the rebels, but Pengiran Muda Hashim Refuse to do so.
James Brooke was very angry that he threatened to
attack the house of Pengiran Muda Hashim.
V Later, on 24 September 1841,Pengiran Muda Hashim
had to appoint James Brooke as the Governor of
Sarawak by signing the Treaty of 1841.Due to this
treaty, Pengiran Indera Mahkota had to step down and
left for Mukah.