Aim

To learn the structure of skeletal muscle To be able to describe the neuromuscular junction To be able to explain how muscles contract. The sliding filament theory.

The neuromuscular junction (very similar to synapse from Central Concepts

Arrival of the AP stimulates the release of a neurotransmitter (Ach), this binds on surface receptors of the muscle causing a response.

That response causes a Contraction

This is what you need to explain.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vlchs4o mFDM

Muscle histology

On a piece of A3 draw this diagram, give your self lots of room to annotate. Also have Pg 38 open

Myosin

Add these labels

actin

actin

troponin

tropomyosin

actin

troponin

tropomyosin

actin

troponin

myosin binding site tropomyosin

actin

troponin

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

How the muscle contracts:

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

1. Calcium ions are released from the sarcolemma after stimulation from the T system

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

2. the calcium ions bind to the troponin and changes its shape

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

3. the calcium ions bind to the troponin and changes its shape

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

4. the troponin displaces the tropomyosin and exposes the myosin binding sites

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

5. the bulbous heads of the myosin attach to the binding sites on the actin filaments : forming cross bridges

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

6. the myosin heads change position to achieve a lower energy state and slide the actin filaments past the stationary myosin

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi Ca2+ A

Ca2+

Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi Ca2+ A

Ca2+

Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

6. ATP binds to the bulbous heads and causes it to become detached

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

7. ATP binds to the bulbous heads and causes it to become detached

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

8. hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy to re-cock the heads

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Ca2+ Ca2+

9. hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy to re-cock the heads

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Ca2+

Ca2+

Ca2+

10. calcium ions are re-absorbed back into the T system

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

calcium ions are re-absorbed back into the T system

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

11. the troponin reverts to its normal shape and the tropomyosin move back to block the myosin binding sites

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

the troponin reverts to its normal shape and the tropomyosin move back to block the myosin binding sites

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

the troponin reverts to its normal shape and the tropomyosin move back to block the myosin binding sites

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

12. Regeneration of ATP

Pi Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A Pi Pi Pi A

Pi Pi Pi A

regenerates ATP

Quiz & Annimation

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/c hapter10/animation__action_potentials_and _muscle_contraction.html

Review your worksheet of pictures, annotate each picture describing what is being shown, using pages 38-41

June 2002 Q6 (12 marks)