Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Outline
What is a corpus Answering questions with a corpus The language of corpus searches The corpus and the classroom Practice
http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/3563832656
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Corpus / Corpora
????
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knowledge
of
about
language
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/missturner/3029700617/
Prescriptivism
how language should be used
v
how language is used
Descriptivism
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Most of the prescriptive rules of the language mavens make no sense on any level. They are bits of folklore that originated for screwball reasons several hundred years ago For as long as they have existed, speakers have flouted them
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2790
This usage stuff is not straightforward and easy. If ever someone tells you that the rules of English grammar are simple and logical and you should just learn them and obey them, walk away, because you're getting advice from a fool.
Corpus
Key modern tool for finding out about how language works
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Corpus
is a large database of representative language samples
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Corpus
100s of millions of words from (mostly) written language in different genres in small samples (~2000 words)
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Corpus
used for linguistic research, making dictionaries, writing grammars,
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
http://corpus.byu.edu
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
http://www.flickr.com/photos/atoach/3900591006/
Searching a corpus early on in the process of making a generalization can save you a lot of unpleasant surprises later.
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
Concordance
BNC: dyslexic [n*]
http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc
http://www.americancorpus.org/
COCA: dys*
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*yed
Suffixing rules
*ied
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Suffixing rules
played stayed portrayed enjoyed unemployed surveyed died tried married worried identified applied
*yed
*ied
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* []
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? [n* ]
* []
Lemma (all inflectional forms of a word)
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? [n* ]
Part of speech tags (e.g. nouns)
each, reach, beach, teach, outreach, , impeach, teachers, teaching, , teachable, teacher-librarians, touch, teach, tech, torch, trench, twitch, , three-inch, teach the, teach us, teach students,
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?each each?
reach, beach, teach, peach, leach, keach, each- (1), each# (1) (2) [ie spelling error],
[ie nothing]
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[Lemma]
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Common tags
[n*]
[NN2]
noun
plural nouns
[v*]
[VVD]
verb
verb past tense
(BNC)
(COCA)
(COCA)
adjective adverb
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Help
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
search for idioms combine wildcards search for synonyms search for alternatives exclude searches
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Concordance + KWIC
*ies.[N*]
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
[teacher] [vvb]
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*ed
*ies.[V*]
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Collocations
Limits on variability
Collocations (cont)
Limits on variability
Collocations (cont)
[teacher] must [v*]
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359 results
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Google as a Corpus
"put the search text in quotes" use * for the search item
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
http://searchengineland.com/why-google-cant-count-results-properly-53559
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
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False roots
corner, silly, preface, cockroach, protest, stable
http://etymonline.com
http://neon.niederlandistik.fu-berlin.de/en/textstat
http://www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/software.html
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
Teacher preparation
find relevant, common examples prepare worksheets check for exceptions find out answers to student questions about rules and usage
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Student discovery
show search results to students to work out rules or word meanings teach students how to search for questions ask students to give each other puzzles for searching
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training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk
Corpus v dictionary
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Where to go next?
http://www.corpora4learning.net
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Thank you
Contact http://dominiklukes.net
training.dyslexiaaction.org.uk