Facilitator: Alex L.

Legion, RN

INFECTION AND INFECTION CONTROL

INFECTION
 What is INFECTION?

Infection is also defined as the invasion multiplication of microorganisms on the tissues of the HOST resulting in signs and symptoms as well as an immunologic response.

The production of microorganism injure the patient by either:

 Competing with the HOST

metabolism  Cellular damage produced by the microbes  Intracellular multiplication

Damage could be
 Localized ( pressure sore, infected pressure

ulcer )
 Systemic

Note: the severity of infection varies with the disease producing ability and the number of invading organism, the strength of the defense and some other factors

Diagnostic Assessments:
 WBC elevated in acute inflammatory

disease, bacterial disease  5- 10 x 109 /L

 Lymphocytic and monocytic fractions

elevated in viral diseases  20%- 30%; 2%- 6% fraction

Diagnostic Tests
 ESR Elevated sedimentation rates indicate the presence of inflammation  < 15 mm/ hr  Culture of Infectious Site provides information on the growth of microorganism in the culture media, to which type.

Why iNFeCtiOn ocCur?

 Some bacteria develop resistance to

antibiotics  Some microbes such as influenza have so many different strains that a single vaccine cant protect against them all  Most viruses resist antiviral drugs  New infectious agents occasionally arise such as HIV and corona virus

 Some microbes localize in areas of the body

that make treatment difficult ( bones, CNS)  Opportunistic organisms can cause infection in immuno- compromised patients  Most of the people have not received immunization  Increase in air travel can speed the virulent organism to a heavily populated area in hours

 Use of biological warfare and bioterrorism

with organism such as

Anthrax, plaque, is

an increasing threat to public health and safety throughout the world the expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs and invasive procedures increase the risk of infection

Role of the Nurse in Communicable diseases

 Render nursing care to the patients with  o

o o

communicable diseases Be knowledgeable in the ; Nature of specific microorganism, and its capacity to survive in the body and outside Most effective method to destruct the specific microorganism How the organism invades the Host and its route of escape from the body

o The incubation periods and length of communicability o How specific drugs alter the clinical signs and the infectious course of the disease o the most recent methods and concept of prophylaxis for communicable diseases o The rationales and control measures, including isolation techniques

NURSING CARE
 SELF PROTECTION  PREVENTING SPREAD  PHYSICAL CARE OF PATIENT  EMOTIONAL SUPPORT OF PATIENT  SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF CARE

Assessment:(community level)
 Provides an estimate of the

degree to which a family, group, or community is achieving the level of health possible for them, identifies specific deficiencies or guidance needed and estimates the possible effects of the Nursing Interventions

CHAIN OF INFECTION

CAUSATIVE AGENT

PORT OF ENTRY

INOCULATION STAGE

INFECTION

PORT OF EXIT

CHAIN OF INFECTION
PORT OF ENTERY

PORT OF EXIT

SUSCEPTIBLE

INOCULATION STAGE

INFECTION

Assessment

Collection of data
Categories of Health Problems

 Diagnosing community problem( focus on

communicable diseases)  Planning/ Goal setting  Construction an action plan  Implementation planned care  Evaluation of care and Services provided

In assessment;
 Investigators study the current

incidence of the disease in that SPECIFIC AREA and compare it to the past incidence rate.

To classify or determine if;

 Sporadic these are diseases that occur occasionally an irregularly  Epidemic- these are diseases that occurs greater than expected number in a specific area over a specific time

To classify or determine if;

 Pandemic is an epidemic that affects several countries or continents  Endemic - are those that are present in a population or community at all times. They usually involve few people during specific time

InflaMmaTiOn
IRRITATION ON SKIN SURFACE

INFLAMMATION
 The protective response of

body tissues to irritation or injury.  Cardinal signs are; Redness Swelling Pain Often accompanied by loss of function

MANAGEMENT FOR INFECTION

THANK YOU!!!