Overview Of 3G Mobile Core

Layered Architecture
Application Layer Control Layer Connectivity Layer

Application Layer
The Application Layer is responsible for providing services to users via applications regardless of the device and method in which the user accesses the network. The Application Layer itself is not a real network as such important operator parts of the application Layer may, however, be realized in what are called Service Networks.

Control Layer
The Control Layer contains nodes that control and direct traffic (both Circuit and Packet Switched). The Control Layer is realized in a Core Network. The WCDMA Core Network will contain, for example, MSCs, HLR/HSS, GMSC/TSC, SGW and possibly IMS.

Connectivity Layer
The connectivity Layer consists of the transport nodes (M-MGW, SGSN and GGSN) and connects to the various access networks.

The Access Network consists of the base stations and controllers in the mobile networks(GSM, UMTS, CDMA) or fixed access, transport and connectivity network that are able to handle different types of traffic (e.g. Circuit Switched and Packet Switched data). For WCDMA, the Access Network is realized as the WCDMA Radio Access Network.

WCDMA NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

WCDMA is standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

Based on the 3GPP reference network model, the WCDMA network can be considered to consist of four major components:

User Equipment (UE) Access Network (AN) Core Network (CN) Network External to WCDMA

UE

AN MSC MSC E, G BSC A Iu MSC MSC MSC F EIR EIR Gr

CN SCF SCF GMSC GMSC D HLR HLR

External Networks

SIM SIM

MT Um MT

BTS

BSS Abis

SMS-SC AUC AUC ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: -Intranet -Extranet -Internet

SMSSMSGMSC GMSC SMSSMSIWMSC IWMSC Gn + GGSN GGSN

USIM Cu ME Uu USIM ME

BS

RNS Iub

Gb RNC Iu Iur

Gf SGSN SGSN Gd , Gp , Gn + SGSN SGSN

USIM Cu ME Uu USIM ME

BS

RNS Iub

RNC Note: Not all interfaces are shown and named

UTRAN

Mobile Soft switch Solution

GSM

Service Delivery & Charging Solutions

HLR/AUC

Ericsson Multi Mediation

Ericsson Multi Activation

BSC

MSC Ser er v

IP or ATM Backbone
R
IP

GMSC Server
PSTN ISDN PLMN C - MGW

C - MGW

SGSN G 5.0
R
IP

WCDMA
SGSN G

R
I P

GGSN RNC SGSN W SDH Network

Internet, Intranet

OSS-RC

SGSN W 5.5

CN 3.0, introduction of common IP backbone for PS & CS traffic

SM S -C

HLR
E D-C

E IR
F

SGSN server
Gs D

SCF

MAP Interface

GSM R ad io N etw o rk

L /IN A P

FNR

Iu C P

MSC se rve r
GCP

E , G CP

W CDMA Ra d io N e tw o rk
Iu U P

MSC serve r
GCP

IS U P IS P S TN / U P IS D N

M ed ia G atew ay

E , G UP

M ed ia G atew ay

MAP Interface to support btw GSM & WCDMA

ISUP ISDN User Part CAS Channel Associate Signaling TDM Time Division Multiplex BICC Bearer independent Call Control

MAP Used between MSC & HLR and MSCs. Uses ITU-T #7 for transfer of Information that is TCAP, SCCP & MTP. INAP Enables the SCF to remotely control circuit based call process in real time through SSF. INAP is SS#7 uses TCAP/SCCP signaling. RANAP Handles RAB in WCDMA RAN by applying the RANAP protocol. Also handles MM and CM. BSSAP MSC server handles RAB in access network by applying the BSSAP protocol. N-ISUP Used between MSC and PSTN or ISDN, based on ITU-T SS #7 signaling BICC To support the new architecture, a separate version of N-ISUP is used. This support N-ISUP services across an ATM or IP network. Used between network to network. Have two main function - To pass call control information between servers, like B number and service requirement - To Transfer information related to bearer setup and MGW identity to be used at connectivity layer BSSGP To provide Radio Related, QoS and routing information between BSS and SGSN.

MSC BSSAP Signaling / TDM Server (AXE)

Signaling / IP Signaling (not GCP) / TDM

Signaling / IP Iu-i/f / ATM A-i/f / TDM MGW SGW CPP User plane / TDM, ATM, IP Signaling / TDM, ATM, IP

Access Network

Core / External Network

Mobile Soft switch Solution

Mobile soft switch enable a layered architecture design for the mobile circuit core , where the network functions responsible for service management & control and for transport of service data are physically & logically separated

Advantages of Mobile Soft switch Solution

1. Packet backbone technology (IP or ATM) enables more efficient transmission of voice traffic over the backbone by retaining the same voice coding in the backbone as is used in the air interface 2. Access independent (GSM/WCDMA) core network 3. Reduction of backbone traffic 4. Simplification of network planning through common core for WCDMA & GSM

MSC Server function Introduction!

MSC is the main node in the circuit switch domain. Different configurations are supported since the node can function as MSC Server, MSC-MGW and combined Media Gateway. If MSC is configured as MSC Server, then MGw will be an external node. MSC Server can be configured as GMSC, Transit Switch centre (TSC), or Signaling Transfer Point (TSP). These nodes can be combined in the same h/w that is based on AXE platform.

Its Function: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Signaling connection to other nodes It controls the user plane in a co located or remote MGw via the GCP protocol. Terminates the RANAP & BSSAP signaling. Call control between MSC/VLR Server and Transit Server or GMSC Server via ISUP (or BICC) signaling. Connection Management Handles circuit based connection. Mobility Management Roaming, H/O (between GSM and WCDMA network), Security e.g AUC, Ciphering & charging.

MSC-MGw function Introduction!

Main Purpose is for processing of conversational data and handling of different transport Network.

AXE10
BSSAP MSC Control Logic RANAP

MAP BICC GCP

GCP (to other MGWs)

MSC Server

MGW Handler
int. i/f

int. i/f

Connection Handler User data Payload Processing Switching

Media Gateway Function

User data

MSC/VLR

Group Switch Clocks (CLM) Interface to GDM ET155 Echo Cancellers Transcoders Regional Processors

GEM

IPN

GCP GARP RPB

APZ

APG 40

ET SLI GARP
Signaling / SCTP/ IP/ Ethernet (100 Base T)
GARP Generic Application RP

GS

HSL ST

IP Signaling

TDM Signaling Option

Handles payload, processing traffic and signaling interworking between networks

Network 1

MGW

Network 2

Payload Format 1 Transport Type 1 Signaling 1

Payload Format 2 Transport Type 2 Signaling 2

Media Gateway
Inter-working between different transport technologies (TDM, ATM and IP

bearer). Media Stream handling (Speech Coder, Echo Canceller, Multi-Party call, Tone Sender, DTMF sender/receiver, Interactive Messaging, Code Answer and Tone Sender (CAT), Continuity Check) Adapting the circuit-switched data services in WCDMA and GSM. Signaling bearer conversion at the network edges in order to allow unified signaling bearers to be used within the core network. Supporting Radio Access Network interfaces. Routing and switching. Element Management.

GCP MGW Application MGW Application GCP termination GCP termination Connection Coordinator Connection Coordinator Packet Switching Packet Switching L2TP PPP-U L2TP PPP-U GTP-U GTP-U SNDCP SNDCP Connection Coordinator Connection Coordinator Media Stream Functions Media Stream Functions DTI DTMF DTI conference conference DTMF echo canceller echo canceller codec codec

Q2630.1, B-ISUP

announcement announcement tone tone

O O A A M M

Cello Cello Platform Platform

IPsec IPsec

SGW/STP SGW/STP Common Bearer Services Common Bearer Services

Bearer control Bearer control

IP IP routing routing

UDP/TCP/IP UDP/TCP/IP termination termination

AAL1/ 2/5 AAL1/ 2/5 termination termination

AAL2 AAL2 switching switching fast Ethernet fast Ethernet

STM STM termination termination

Physical interfaces: 1.5, 2, 155 Mbps, Physical interfaces: 1.5, 2, 155 Mbps,

transmission

media streams paths

control paths

Resource Component Database Connection Handler (One connection chain) Logical view

ATM

AAL2

IuFH

Speech coder

Echo canceller

TRP

UDP

IP

Real Connection

Media Framing

Media Stream Resource Components

Media Framing

Core Network MGW CP P RNC CP P RXI CP P RBS CP P RBS CP P

No External Transmission Equipment Costs Savings e.g. spare parts Easy migration into IP Future proof

RXI CP P

RBS CP P

RBS CP P

RBS CP P

Cello Platform Concept

Common HW and SW for several telecom applications The platform provides HW and SW for:
a telecom OS with processors, file system, and database transport, switching, and signaling services operational and maintenance support

The platform enables:

development of new applications with application-specific:

SW in MP, BP, and SP boards backplane several applications simultaneously in Cello

Fn a

Cb s e a le h lf

The Internal ATM connections

Multi-purpose cell switch Switch sub-components
Space Switch Interface Unit (SPIC) ATM Switch Core Circuit (ASCC)

SCB Switch Core Board ASCC ATM switch Core Circuit SPIC Switch Port Interface Circuit ISL Inter subrack Link

SPIC

Backplane

SCB ASCC

1 + 1 switch redundancy Non-blocking within subrack

28 boards with data rates of 622

SPIC SPIC ISL

Mbps Approx. 16 Gbps duplex

SPIC

SCB ASCC

throughput
SPIC
ISL Inter Subrack Link 4 ISL per SPIC, max 230 Mbps per link, aggregate 622 Mbps

SPIC

ISL

26 generic device boards

 ATM switch Core distribution of System Clock interface for 4 Inter Subrack Links

Contains Hard Disc Configure as Main Processor Provide messaging functions for MGWs

Provide interfaces for different types of transmission and different types of ETBs are available

Provide reference clock for the MGW

Switch Core Board (SCB)

General purpose Processor Board (GPB)

ET-M1, Exchange Terminal Level 1 (1.5 and 2 Mbps)

Timing Unit (TU)

ASCC

PPC 750 SPIC

Osc. Phy
AA L2

TC ATM

ISL

SPIC BPM

PPQ II

SPIC BPM

Alar m Syn c in

RBS freq.
SPIC BPM

Switch Extension Board (SXB)

Special purpose Processor Board (SPB)

ET-M4, Exchange Terminal Level 4 (155 Mbps)

For Fiber optic connection 155Mbps

For Expansion of MGW Use to create large Node

PPC 750 SAR PPC 750 SAR

PPC 750 SAR

SPIC BPM

Phy medi a Buff

AA L2

Phy and TC

ATM SPIC BPM

Page 103

ISL processors powerful SPIC BPM

Contains a number of applications can be loaded ie for packet handling

Fan Media Stream processing devices, 1 STM-1

Fan

Media Stream Extension Subrack

Fan

Media Stream Extension Subrack

Media Stream processing devices, 1 STM-1

Processor, Inter Subrack Link connections and Timing HW

Main Subrack
Fan

16 or 30 ATM links, 16 E1/T1, 1 STM-1

ATM Extension Subrack

MACU

CU CU CU

CCF

Front View

Rear View

MSC/ VLR Gs

HLR Gr

SMS-GMSC SMS IWMSC Gd

Billing System ISP Network Internet Internet

Gi Gb GERAN GERAN Iu Ge SGSN Gn PS Gn Backbone Network Gp

GGSN In another PLMNS Backbbone

GGSN Gi

Gom

Gom Cooperate Network

WCDM WCDM A A Ran Ran

SCP Camel ph3 OSSRC

MSC/ VLR

HLR

SMS-GMSC SMS IWMSC ISP Network Internet Internet

Gi SGSN PS Gn Backbone Network Gp GERAN GERAN // WCDM WCDM A RAN A RAN PDP Context
GGSN In another PLMNS Backbbone

GGSN Gi

Cooperate Network

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) management (paging, attach, detach, Packet Session and mobility

Data Protocol (PDP) context handling, intra- and inter-SGSN routing area update). Payload Handling Security includes features such as user and network authentication and data confidentiality through ciphering. CDR based charging includes functions for collecting charging information from various sources within the SGSN CAMEL based charging provides a real-time charging mechanism Configuration management functions that support definition and handling of logical relations with other network elements SMS over GPRS Support for SS7 signaling.

Power consumption: 1,5 kW

Fan GSN Magazine

Upper

Weight 160 kg Cabinet Dimension: 1800x600x400 mm

Fan GSN Magazine

Lower

Blank Panel
Power Distribution Units

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

Tunnel management IP-address management Charging data collection/output Security management Packet filtering Packet routing / forwarding QOS management Element management

Craft Interface

Mandatory InterfacePIC Mandatory InterfacePIC Service or InterfacePIC Service or InterfacePIC

GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC

Service or InterfacePIC Service or InterfacePIC Service or GGSN InterfacePIC Service PIC or GGSN PIC Service or GGSN InterfacePIC Service PIC or GGSN PIC

GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC GGSN Service PIC

Home Location Register (HLR)

Home Location Register (HLR) serves as the primary database of subscriber information used to provide control and intelligence within the GSM/GPRS and WCDMA networks.

The HLR manages mobile subscribes profiles as well as subscriber location and activity, and also handles supplementary services.

Used since July 1991

Network Management
X.25

Can be used for GSM, GPRS, EDGE & WCDMA.

OSS-RC
X.25

SOG
X.25 X.25

CAS

HLR Supports : STM, ATM, IP, IPoSTM, ATMoSTM.

Also for GSM 850/900/1800/1900/ SMS 3GPP Spec. IWMSC

SMS GMSC

AUC
MAP

MAP

HLR
Redundancy
MAP

SGSN
GPRS

MAP MAP

HLR
Redundancy
MAP MAP MAP

MAP CS1+ MAP MAP

SCP
Mobile IN gsmSCF

GMLC

FNR
PLMN

MSC gsmSSF

GMSC

Authentication Centre (AUC)

The Authentication Centre (AUC) contains functions for secure storage of individual subscriber identifiers and keys. AUC also includes algorithms necessary for generating authentication and ciphering data based on the subscriber keys. The authentication and ciphering data, provided by the AUC upon request, are used by different network elements to protect the network, users and operators against unauthorized use of the system.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The EIR database validates mobile equipment hardware identity, The MSC can request the EIR to check if an MS has been stolen or is faulty (black listed), not type-approved (gray listed), normal registered (white listed), or unknown.

In WCDMA, we call Quintet which consist of: AuC

A4 algorithms DES RAND Blowfish Ki, A3/A8 ind

RAND, Expected Response, XRES, Authentication Token, AUTN IK Authentication Key CK Ciphering Key
RAND Random Number SRES Sign Response Kc Ciphering Key eKi Encrypted Subscriber Authentication Key IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity A4 Algorithm for encrypting Ki A3/A8 Authentication and ciphering algorithm
15 0

A3/A8 AuC Database

IMSI, eKi , A3/A8 , ind A4ind Triplets RAND SRES Kc

MAP

Request for triplets from HLR (IMSI)

Internet
Corporate

GRX
Corporate

PSTN

Primary Site

Primary Site

PSTN

Corporate

Secondary Site Secondary Site Concentrator Site

BSC

Concentrator Site
RNC BS

BS

BS

BS

Reference Solution for both CS and PS traffic. Includes both intra-site connectivity (site solutions) and inter-site connectivity

BS

GSM/GPRS

UTRAN (ATM based)

BS

RAN

RANOS CN-OSS GSM OSS OSS-RC

Based on existing GSM OSS, CN-OSS and RANOS Keeping big parts of the stable GSM OSS base OSS-RC 1.1
WCDMA RAN support partially integrated, common HW, client solution, fault management

OSS-RC 2.0
Fully integrated solution

Supports all network elements in Ericsson supplied networks GSM and/or WCDMA Radio and/or Core Supported system releases
GSM R10 CN R3 WCDMA RAN P2.1

3GPP and existing interfaces supported

Su

pe rvi so r

Co

fig n

tor ur a

OSS-RC
er is t im
De plo y er

Op

Supervisor

Fault Management Performance Management

For supervision of the network Simplifies daily routines Alerts about abnormalities Provides accurate decision support

Network Inventory OSS-RC Network Explorer

MSC Server
Circuit based connection management i.e. traffic

control, roaming, call routing and handover. Media Gateway Control Mobility Management Authentication Charging data collection/output Supporting a comprehensive set of Supplementary Services that complement and modify the Tele-services and Bearer Services. IN and CAMEL Services Security and Fraud

Flexible Number Register (FNR)

The FNR node offers: Mobile Number Portability (MNP): This feature permits an end-user to keep his MSISDN identity when changing service provider or moving subscription between two service domains within the same country. Flexible Allocation of MSISDN for the GSM and WCDMA networks. This feature provides mobile operators with free allocation of subscription identity without considering the relation between MSISDN and IMSI series in the HLR.

Network Management
X.25

OSS-RC
X.25

SOG
X.25 X.25

CAS

AUC
SMS IWMSC MAP MAP MAP

MAP

HLR
Redundancy
MAP

SGSN
GPRS

SMS GMSC

HLR
Redundancy
MAP MAP MAP

MAP CS1+ MAP MAP

SCP
Mobile IN gsmSCF

GMLC

FNR
PLMN

MSC gsmSSF

GMSC