Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Anjula Gurtoo
Defining personality
Through individual characteristics Through social success
to speak through
Three dimensions to personality Society individual role The long term patterns of thought, emotions and behavior is personality
UNDERSTANDING SELF
Phenomenological view of understanding others Outsider perspective vs. individuals own frame of reference (F of R)
F of R?
Basic underlying assumptions, perceptions, and feelings about self, the world as he/she sees it and particular situations he/she faces Represented through other s actions, words, behavior
ASSUMPTIONS FOR F OF R
Each person sees the world uniquely, depending uniquely, on past experience and his own personal meanings This is closely related to: how the person views himself in it .the roles he plays.. what he should/should not do what is right/wrong etc. how a person views the world is central to how he views himself as a person, his self concept .
Self concept is the internalized set of relatively stable perceptions that a person has of himself and who he is Relatively constant over time Develops in relation to past experiencing (of relationships, people, groups, institutions ) The meaning that person makes of those experiences Once a self perception is established as part of self concept, it will affect perception of future experiences Example: self perception of effective manager, leader
Why
BASIC FRAMEWORK
Frame of reference Assumptive frameworks
ATTITUDES
values
BEHAVIOR
BELIEFS
EXPECTATIONS
OTHERS ought, should, must becomes OUR belief, value, goal
APPROVAL
Need for adequacy and unconditional approval
ATTITUDES
Evaluative statements either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people or events. Components:
perception, affect or emotion and behavior
Theoretical foundation
Consistency
theories
Balance theory
Involves three or more attitude objects There is a tendency to maintain or restore balance in one s attitude structures
Cognitive dissonance
Individuals are assumed to strive for harmony in their thought structures Change dissonance: change one of the cognitive elements or add a new cognitive element. Smoking and smoker Culture and women Religion and individual
Emotional Actions
Emotions: complex automatic response to a situation Each emotion has its characteristic pattern of action Example: angry towards a person Focal point? Injury to the other Where do these behavior come from? Innate to all animal species/product of evolution Adaptive function of emotions How are we different from other animals?? Emotional actions change with social experience
Transactional Analysis
Three basic ego states
Parent: part of us that reflects life as it is taught Adult: reflects life as it is thought Child: reflects life as it is felt
Ego state: consistent pattern of feelings and experiences related to patterns of behavior.
Transaction Analysis
Parent: makes rules ad regulations about how life
Sets limits, disciplines Judges, criticizes, gives advice Protects and nurtures Keeps traditions
should be (dos, don ts, always, never, should, ought, good, bad)
Angry, critical, Pointed finger, condescending set jaw, scowl Warm, encouraging Clear, Calm, enquiring Pat on back, smile, consoling Relaxed, attentive, level eye contact
Adapted Child
Downcast eyes, Defiant, head nodding, delaying, slumped posture passive, complaining Noisy crying, constant change in behavior Curious, Energetic, fun loving
Free Child
Transaction Analysis
Parent:
Critical parent Nurturing parent
Child:
Free or natural child: carefree, trusting, adventurous, loving Adapted child: Saying please, thank you, sorry
Compliance: the way to get along is always to say yes Procrastination: good way to get attention is to delay things Rebellion: getting attention by being bad or naughty
Transactions
Examples
P P
On your desk
Examples
P P Nurturing parent
C Free child
Examples
P P
Examples
P P
Examples
P P
Examples
P P
Yes, sure