Research Over From Risoe - P.H. Madsen

Technology developments and R&D landscape:
Research overview from Ris
Peter Hauge Madsen Wind Energy Division, Ris DTU The Technical University of Denmark Presented at EU offshore wind industry - a Carbon Trust/EWEA event
Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Wind Energy Division - Ris DTU Technical University of Denmark

Windpower Meteorology
Aeroelastic design methods Wind Turbine Structures Offshore Wind Energy
WIND ENERGY DIVISION
Remote sensing & Measurements

Windpower control & integration Certification Scheme
INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING
EDUCATION
Meteorology
Aeroelastic Design
Wind Turbines
Wind Energy Systems
Test & Measurement

Presentation name 17/04/2008
Wind Energy Roadmap in the EC Communication of Financing Low Carbon Technologies.
TPWind priorities 20102012: Development and testing of new structures Automation (industrywide study) Technology transfer from oil & Gas
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Research, development and demonstration challenges Danish MEGAVIND strategy
Target to make offshore wind power competitive with conventional coalfired power by 2020 (50 % reduction in cost).
Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark Presentation name
17/04/2008
EERA JP on Wind Energy

5 Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark Presentation name 17/04/2008
EERA JP on Wind Energy

EERA JPWE EERA JP on Wind Energy

Wind Energy Division - Ris DTU Technical University of Denmark
DTU BYG
WIND ENERGY DIVISION
DTU IMM DTU MEK
INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING
EDUCATION
Offshore Wind Energy Meteorology Aeroelastic Wind Wind Energy

Design
8 Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Turbines
Systems
Test & Measurement

17/04/2008
Presentation name
Ris DTU Offshore Wind Energy R&D priorities

Marine wind, wave and current conditions
Characterize the geophysical processes,estimate local conditions and develop design basis
Wakes in offshore wind turbine farms

Characterize and model wakes (performance and loads) in relation to interaction between turbines, between farms and large scale climate effects
Installation and maintenance

Methods, models and tools to support installation and maintenance incl. Wind wave prediction, remedial and preventive maintenance and condition monitoring
Integrated design tools

Power (MW)
Integrated aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools incl. wave loads,soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 28/1-2000 29/1-2000 30/1-2000 Time 31/1-2000 1/2-2000 HRB HRA HR2 HR1
Offshore wind integration

Models and tools for design and control of offshore grid and clusters
New concepts
Offshore Wind Conditions

Ocean winds Lidar observations and modelling Wind resource mapping using satellite data Mesoscale modelling Meteorological mast observations Wind farms shadow effect Satellite observations
Lidar wind data and model from Horns Reef offshore Satellite winds showing the wake at Horn Reef wind farm. Mean wind speed map using satellite Envisat ASAR.
10 Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Horns Rev offshore site
Courtesy: DONG Energy

and Alfredo Pea, Ris DTU
Wind loads dominated by wake effects
CFD Large eddy simulation
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Presentation name
17/04/2008
Fuga a new, linearized wake model

Solves linearised RANS equations Closure: mixing length, k-e or simple (nt=ku*z)
Fast, mixed-spectral solver using pre-calculated look-up tables (LUTs)

No computational grid, no numerical diffusion, no spurious mean pressure gradients
Integration with WAsP: import of wind climate and turbine data.

105 times faster than conventional CFD!
13
Presentation name
17/04/2008
User friendly GUI
14
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Validation: Horns Rev I.

1.00 270+-7.5 0.90 Normalized prod. Fuga 270+-12.5 Fuga 270+-17.5 Fuga 270+-7.5 Data 270+-12.5 Data 270+-17.5 Data 0.70
0.80
0.60
0.50
0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Row number
Simple closure: nt=ku*z

No adjustable parameters!
Validation: Nysted.
1.10 1.00 273+-7.5 Fuga 273+-12.5 Fuga 273+-17.5 Fuga 273+-7.5 Data 273+-12.5 Data 273+-17.5 Data
Normalized production
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Row number
Simple closure: nt=ku*z

Downwind Speed Recovery

FUGA - predicts a much slower speed recovery than standard wake models. For HR rec.distance is about 16 km; somewhat slower than observed
4)
Normalized wind speed through the wind farm and behind the wind farm compared to measurements at Horns rev. Full curves are canopy-CFD-model predictions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4)
R.J.Barthelmie et al., Flow and wakes in large wind farms: Final report for UpWind WP8. Ris-R1765(EN) (2011).
Design of offshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines are not onshore wind turbines!
hydrodynamic loads, sea ice, long periods at standby
Offshore wind turbines are not oil rigs!

wind loads, shallow water, dynamics, unmanned
Marriage of expertise from wind power and offshore engineering industries Technology Risks
Improve confidence with which offshore wind farms can be financed and implemented
rotor-nacelle assembly
tower
tower support structure
platform
water level sub-structure pile sub-structure
sea floor pile seabed
foundation
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Presentation name
17/04/2008
Standards for Offshore Wind Turbines Onshore wind turbines

IEC 61400-1, Edition 3
Offshore wind turbines

IEC 61400-3 GL Regulations for Offshore WECS, 1995 DNV, Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures, OS-J101, 2007 GL Wind, Guideline for the Certification of Offshore Wind Turbines, 2005
Offshore structures petroleum and natural gas industries

ISO ISO ISO ISO 19900, 19901, 19902, 19903, General Requirements for Offshore Structures, 2002 Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures, 2003 Fixed Steel Offshore Structures, 2004 (DIS) Fixed Concrete Offshore Structures, 2004 (DIS)
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Presentation name
17/04/2008
Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project

Partners: Ris DTU, DONG, Siemens 1. Large offshore wind farm being constructed by DONG energy with ~50 machines in phase 1 Siemens 3.6MW machines with monopile foundations Average HH wind speed: 9.3 m/sec Water depth 19m 28 m Database of loads measurements with correlated wind and wave data Assessment of uncertainty in loads simulations to provide improved structural reliability. Recommendations to international wind turbine standards on offshore turbine design.
2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3.
Objectives
EUDP Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project

Measurements: Nacelle mounted LIDAR measuring wind speed at 2.5 rotor diameter in front of turbine.
Wave and current measurements near foundation
21
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Benefits from the project and its need

1. Maturity of loads prediction on offshore wind turbines, both on the support structure, as well as rotor nacelle.
Provides offshore turbine loads data for research purposes. Provides for correlated wind and wave measurements for each load data point. One of the very few nacelle mounted LIDARs for offshore wind turbines with accurate wind measurements
2. Cost effective foundations.

Improved accuracy for site specific loads prediction Estimation of damping of the structure to mitigate fatigue and extreme loads
Fatigue and ultimate strength requirement evaluations Enables improved life prediction
3. Long term loads on the foundations

22
Presentation name
17/04/2008
DEEPWIND New EU Funded Program
Vertical axis wind turbine Bottom mounted generator for weight savings
Combined floating wind- and wave energy converter Poseidon Experiment

PSO project, measurements and modeling: DONG, FPP, DHI and Ris DTU 3x GAIA 11kW. Downwind, Free yaw and teetering Grid connection point
Wave energy conversion device
Mooring point
24
Presentation name
17/04/2008
Poseidon: Modeling Challenges

Three rotors in one simulation
Structural modeling already possible in the multi-body formulation Aerodynamic model updated to handle this
Wake from upwind rotors

Already possible with the dynamic wake meandering model in HAWC2 Large water surface area Full coupled HAWC2-WAMSIM simulations HAWC2 validated aeroelastic code WAMSIM validated radiation/diffraction code for dynamic of floating structures from DHI WAMSIM recode to HAWC2 dll-interface format Ordinary HAWC2 turbine model Ordinary WAMSIM model Full system solved by HAWC2 Ris Hawc2 Overview
Conclusions
The development of offshore wind energy depends not only on industrial development and demonstration but also on medium to long term research Site conditions very complex the site specific design conditions are derived in an ad-hoc and pragmatic way Integrated design tools exist but are primarily used to demonstrate conservatism of approach Limited validation of design loads and response Deep water (> 30 m) is a challenge Deep water concepts under way Offshore wind is just at the beginning all options are open
Thank you for your attention
27
Presentation name
17/04/2008

Research Over From Risoe - P.H. Madsen

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Technology developments and R&D landscape:

Research overview from Ris

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Wind Energy Division - Ris DTU Technical University of Denmark

Remote sensing & Measurements

Wind Energy Systems

Test & Measurement

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Wind Energy Roadmap in the EC Communication of Financing Low Carbon Technologies.

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Research, development and demonstration challenges Danish MEGAVIND strategy

EERA JP on Wind Energy

EERA JP on Wind Energy

EERA JPWE EERA JP on Wind Energy

Wind Energy Division - Ris DTU Technical University of Denmark

DTU IMM DTU MEK

Offshore Wind Energy Meteorology Aeroelastic Wind Wind Energy

Test & Measurement

Ris DTU Offshore Wind Energy R&D priorities

Wakes in offshore wind turbine farms

Installation and maintenance

Integrated design tools

Integrated aero-hydro-servo-elastic tools incl. wave loads,soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction

Offshore wind integration

Offshore Wind Conditions

Horns Rev offshore site

Courtesy: DONG Energy

Wind loads dominated by wake effects

CFD Large eddy simulation

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Fuga a new, linearized wake model

Fast, mixed-spectral solver using pre-calculated look-up tables (LUTs)

Integration with WAsP: import of wind climate and turbine data.

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

User friendly GUI

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Validation: Horns Rev I.

0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Row number

Simple closure: nt=ku*z

0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Row number

Simple closure: nt=ku*z

Downwind Speed Recovery

Design of offshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines are not oil rigs!

tower support structure

water level sub-structure pile sub-structure

sea floor pile seabed

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Standards for Offshore Wind Turbines Onshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines

Offshore structures petroleum and natural gas industries

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project

EUDP Walney Offshore Wind Farm Project

Wave and current measurements near foundation

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Benefits from the project and its need

2. Cost effective foundations.

3. Long term loads on the foundations

Ris DTU, Technical University of Denmark

DEEPWIND New EU Funded Program

Combined floating wind- and wave energy converter Poseidon Experiment

Wave energy conversion device