Safety Management

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT. S. V. National Institute of Technology SURAT Faculty: Dr. G.J. Joshi Prof. D.A. Patel Prof. J.P. Mandawara

Nishant Singhi UO6CE063

Content

Introduction Importance of Safety Management Potential construction hazards and solution

Falls (from heights) Trench collapse Crane collapse Stairway Head Protection Safety organization PPE Job Hazard Analysis Safety related deficiency management Safety meetings

Safety management methodologies

References

Introduction

Construction industry, 2nd largest employer in India Industry is expected to grow from its current 6.5% to 9% next year (2010-11). Several agreements for the construction of up to 16 nuclear power plants in India by 2017 (India Russia deal) Approximately, 6.5 millions labor work at approximately 252,000 construction sites across the nation on any given day Owing to such a huge work force, fatal injury rate for the construction industry is higher Hence, Safety is given the prime importance

Importance of safety management

Comparison of Fatal Accident Frequency Rate (FAFR) INDIA USA

Estimated FAFR
(incidents/1000 employee/year)

15.8

0.23

Construction hazards are rated as 8 times more risky than manufacturing sector hazards

Potential construction Hazards & solutions

Falls (from heights) Trench collapse Crane collapse Head protection

Falls

Causes

Improper scaffolding Negligence in using fall protection equipment Unstable working surfaces

Falls (Contd.)

Solutions:

Scaffolding

Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry the working loads without any settlement Unstable objects to support scaffolding should be avoided Damaged scaffold accessories viz. braces, brackets, ladders etc. should be immediately repaired/replaced

Falls (contd.)

Fall protection

Erection of guardrail systems on elevated surfaces

Falls (contd.)

Use of fall arrest system (Body Harness)

Falls (Contd.)

Full Body Double Harness: Modified version of safety belt Efficient Distribution of load and jerk , when worker falls

Full Body Double Harness

Trench Collapse

Maximum allowable slopes for excavations less than 20 ft. (6.09 m) based on soil type and angle to the horizontal are as follows:
Soil type Slope angle
90 53

Stable Rock (granite or sandstone) Type A (clay) Type B (gravel, silt) Type C (sand) Type A (short-term) (For a maximum excavation depth of 12 ft.)

45

34

63

Crane collapse

Check all crane controls to insure proper operation before use. Inspect wire rope, chains and hook for any damage. Ensure that the load does not exceed the crane's rated capacity. Raise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the brake system. Do not move load over workers.

Stairway

Slippery conditions must be corrected immediately. Treads should cover the entire step Stairways having four or more risers must have at least one handrail.

Head protection

Workers should wear hard hats to avoid following potential accidents:

Risk of objects falling from above Collision of head with fixed objects Accidental head contact with electrical hazards.

Safety Organization

A well designed safety organisation for contractors, subcontractors and interface with department is are very essential Functions:

Area-wise Task Force for enforcing safety at construction Projects Contractors Safety surveillance and correction program Entry passes to the work site only after Safety training Periodical Safety Audits

PPE Training

All workers should be ensured to use the required PPE Some times workers may feel inconvenience in using the PPE, but they should be rigorously enforced to use PPE during any construction activity Tool Box Talk should be given frequently to the workers Safety sign boards should be installed at all the potential hazardous area PPEs should be readily available at construction site

PPE

Tool Box Talk

Safety related deficiency management

Encouraging workers to use PPE with the aid of appealing sign boards related to their family responsibilities Innovative sign boards

Safety meetings

Awards Feedbacks Sharing experience

Reference

Safety equipment information taken from: http://mallcomindia.com/site/Products.php?cat_id=5 For daily construction news: Construction week online website NPCIL safety report www.wikipedia.org Other useful links/references: Concrete network website for recent trends and innovations in concrete Freedonia Group magazines (To be purchased) May 2007 issue for Nanotechnology in Construction Surfer software for 3D modeling of land profile surveying projects (Ex. Project undertaken at Mount Abu or Saputara)