Chapter 5

Chemical Reactions and

Quantities

Types of Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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 Type of Reactions

Chemical reactions are classified into

four general types
Combination
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

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 Combination (Synthesis)
Two or more elements or simple
compounds combine to form
(synthesize) one product
A + B AB
2Mg + O2 2MgO
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
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 Decomposition

One substance is broken down (split)

into two or more simpler substances.

AB A + B
2HgO 2Hg + O2
2KClO3 2KCl + 3 O2

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 Learning Check R1

Classify the following reactions as

1) combination or 2) decomposition:

___A. H2 + Br2 2HBr

___B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2

___C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3

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 Solution R1

Classify the following reactions as

1) combination or 2) decomposition:
_1_A. H2 + Br2 2HBr
_2_B. Al2(CO3)3 Al2O3 + 3CO2
_1_C. 4 Al + 3C Al4C3

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 Single Replacement

One element takes the place of an

element in a reacting compound.
A + BC AB + C
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

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 Double Replacement

Two elements in reactants take the place

of each other

AB + CD AD + CB
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3

ZnS + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2S

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 Learning Check R2

Classify the following reactions as

1) single replacement
2) double replacement

__A. 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

__B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3

__C. 3C + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO

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 Solution R2

Classify the following reactions as

1) single replacement
2) double replacement

1_A. 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

2_B. Na2SO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2SO4 + 2NaNO3

1_C. 3C + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO

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 Combustion

A reaction in which a compound (often

carbon) reacts with oxygen
C + O2 CO2
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
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 Learning Check R3

Balance the combustion equation

___C5H12 + ___O2 ___CO2 + ___H2O

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 Solution R3

Balance the combustion equation

1 C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O

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 Oxidation and Reduction
♦ Reactions that involve a loss or gain of
electrons
♦ Occurs in many of the 4 types of
reactions and combustion
♦ Important in food metabolism, batteries,
rusting of metals

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Requirements for Oxidization-
Reduction
Electrons are transferred
Two processes occur
Oxidation = Loss of electrons (LEO)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e-
Reduction = Gain of electrons (GER)
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
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 Balanced Red-Ox Equations

Combine the oxidation and reduction

reactions to make
Loss of electrons = Gain of electrons
Zn + Cu2+ + 2e- Zn2+ + 2e- + Cu
Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu

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 Gain/Loss of Hydrogen

In organic and biological reactions

oxidation = Loss of H
reduction = Gain of H

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 Learning Check R3

Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or

a reduction process:
__A. Sn Sn4+ + 4e-
__B. Fe3+ + 1e- Fe2+
__C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

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 Solution R3

Identify the following as an 1) oxidation or

a reduction process:
1_ A. Sn Sn4+ + 4e-
2_ B. Fe3+ + 1e- Fe2+
2_ C. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

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 Learning Check R4

In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light

initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction
Ag+ + Cl- Ag + Cl
A. Which reactant is oxidized
1) Ag+ 2) Cl- 3) Ag
B. Which reactant is reduced?
1) Ag+ 2) Cl- 3) Cl

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 Solution R4

In light-sensitive sunglasses, UV light

initiates an oxidation-reduction reaction
Ag+ + Cl- Ag + Cl
A. Which reactant is oxidized
2) Cl- Cl- Cl + e-
B. Which reactant is reduced?
1) Ag+ Ag+ + e- Ag

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