Chapter 2

Atoms and Elements

2.1 Elements and Symbols

2.2 Periodic Table

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 Elements

Pure substances that cannot be separated into

different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known today
Examples: carbon
gold
calcium

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 Symbols of Elements

Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations

Capitalize the first letter only

Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine
O oxygen Mg magnesium
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 Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn
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stannum 4
 % Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
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 Learning Check

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA

B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
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 Solution

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium
2) Ca

B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
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 Learning Check

Select the correct name for each:

A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel
B. P
1) potassium 2) phogiston
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
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 Solution

Select the correct name for each:

A. N
2) nitrogen
B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver

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 Periodic Table

The periodic table is an arrangement of

the elements according to similarities in
their chemical and physical properties.

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 Physical Properties

The characteristics of a substance that can be

observed without changing the substance.
 Color
 Size
 Shape
 Density
 Freezing and Boiling Points
 Odor
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 Groups of Elements

Vertical columns on the periodic table

Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties

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 Groups on the Periodic Table

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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 Representative Groups

Group 1 Alkali Metals

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases

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 Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A
l m A H
l a I G
k e
k l n a
a t
a o e s
l a
l g r e
i l
i e t s
s
n n
e s
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 Periods on the Periodic Table

Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.

Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….

Include representative elements and transition

elements

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 Periods on the Periodic Table

1
2
3
4
5
6
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 Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3

1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

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 Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4
1) Br

B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3

2) magnesium

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 Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
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 Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
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 Metals and Nonmetals
Metals
 Located to the left of the heavy line
 Shiny, ductile
 Good conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
 Located to the right of the heavy line
 Dull and brittle
 Poor conductors, good insulators
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 Metals and Nonmetals

NO
Transition NM
ME metals ME ET
TAL T AL AL
S S S

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 Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____

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 Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1

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 Learning Check

Select the correct elements:

A. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
2) C, Si
3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi
2) N, P, As
3) N, P, As, Sb
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 Solution

A. Metals in Group 4A
1) Ge, Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A
2) N, P, As

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