PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S+V+O

Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day.

Books are read (by him) every day.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Continuous Tense

Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O

EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.

A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Perfect Tense

Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O

EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Past Tense

Active: S + V2ed + O

Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O

EX: He gave Tom a book. A book was given to Tom (by him). Tom was given a book (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Past Continuous Tense Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O

EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Past Perfect Tense

Active: S + had + V3ed + O Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O

EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday. His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Future Tense

Active: S + will/shall + V + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O

EX: He will finish the homework. The homework will be finished.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Continuous Tense

Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O

EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Perfect Tense

Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O

Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O

EX: By the end of next week, he will have

written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.

Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms. Active: S + MV (not) + V + O

MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE

Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O EX: We cant solve this problem.

This problem cant be solved.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM

Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2 S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive) + O2

Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP EX: My father had Tom wash his car. My father had his car washed by Tom

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive. Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP EX: He wants someone to take photographs. He wants photographs to be taken.

Such verbs as have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe are used in the following passive structure:

Active: S + V + O + V (BI) Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity. Note: The verb following let does not bear to in the passive sentence.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice. <1>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2 EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax. The Council was urged to reduce the tax.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice. <2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2 Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax. He urged that the tax should be reduced.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE PASSIVE VERB

After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/ consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/ say/think /understand , we use the infinitive construction. Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. It was said that he was jealous of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. He was said to be jealous of her.

Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive

passive is earlier than that of the main active verb. <1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her. It is said that he was jealous of her.

<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her. He is said to have been jealous of her.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

With advise/insist/propose/recommend /suggest + Gerund + Object Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass. He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S + V + O + V-ing Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo. I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.

Active: S + V + To-inf + O
Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago. English started to be learnt 5 years ago. Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: She started learning English 5 years ago. English started being learnt 5 years ago.

We have delivered the packages. The passive form of the above sentence is the packages _____ by us. a. delivered b. have been delivering c. have been delivered d. to be delivered e. have to be delivered

Why arent you driving your car?

it _____ by my father. a. has sold b. has to see c. has been selling d. has been sold e. had sold

Fast food restaurants have become popular in big cities because many people prefer being _____ by the waiter quickly. a. Serving b. to serve c. Serves d. Served e. be serving

Man: Id like to book three standard room for next week, please. Receptionist: Im sorry Sir, our hotel _____ until the end of the month. a. fully booking b. to be fully booked c. is fully booked d. is fully booking e. being fully booking

Last night a thief broke into my brothers house. Really? What _____ from the house? a. he took b. was to take c. was being taken d. was taking e. was taken

hasnt Anita submitted her report yet? I dont think so. It _____ . a. be printing b. is printing c. being printed d. to be printing e. is being printed

Parents of the student of the international school made fierce protest because of their suddenly increased school fee.
The passive form of the above sentence is _____ because of their suddenly increased school fee. a. Fierce protests have been made by parents of the students of the International school b. Fierce protests were made by parents of the students of the International school c. Fierce protests made by parents of the students of the International school d. Fierce protests will be made by parents of the students of the International school e. Fierce protests are being made by parents of the students of the International school

The director wanted the orders _____ by sale department last week. a. were delivered b. was delivered c. to be delivered d. to deliver e. being delivered

The teacher always asks the homework _____ by the students at home. a. is made b. is making c. to make d. to be made e. being made

Somebody read the book Change the sentences into the passive voice...

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