The freezing point of water is the temperature at which the water turns into ice.

The freezing point of pure water is 0 C. The freezing point of water is the temperature at which water changes to ice (solid) The freezing point of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure is 0 C. This means that pure water will freeze into ice at 0 C. As water freezes to become ice, heat is lost to the surroundings. When water is cooled, the particles lose kinetic energy (heat is released). The particles move more slowly. At freezing point, liquid particles cannot move freely anymore. Liquid particles are pulled together by strong forces of attraction between particles. This is why solid particles cannot move freely. A liquid changes into a solid at freezing point.

The boiling point of water is the temperature at which water turns into steam (water vapour).
The boiling point of pure water at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure is 100 C. Therefore, water will boil and turn into steam at this temperature.

As water boils to become steam, heat is absorbed from its surroundings. When heat energy is supplied to a liquid, the liquid particles obtain a lot of kinetic energy and they vibrate faster. At boiling point, the energy obtained enables the liquid particles to overcome and break the forces of attraction between the particles. Boiling is the physical process in which water changes into steam. Liquid particles are feed and change into gas at boiling point.

Physical characteristic of Explanation water

Freezing point Boiling point Density (at 4C) 0C 100C 1g/cm

Thermal conduction Electric conduction

Weak heat conductor Poor electrical

Figure 1

The chemical formula for water is H0(hydrogen hydroxide). During the formation of water, 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are chemically combined to form one molecule of water like figure 1. The technique of breaking down water by using electrical energy is known as electrolysis (electro: electric & lysis: breakdown)

Anode electrode connected to the positive terminal of a battery. Anode is also called the positive electrode. Cathode electrode connected to the negative terminal of a battery. Cathode is also called the negative electrode. Oxygen is discharged at the anode. Hydrogen is discharged at the cathode. The volume of hydrogen is twice the volume of oxygen. So, the ratio of volume of hydrogen to oxygen in one water molecules is 2:1. Mixture of hydorgen and air will be test with burning splinter and we will hear a pop sound. Oxygen is test by glowing splinter and the result is the gloing splinter burns brightly.

Cathode = Katod (Malay) Katod, hydrogen = KH