Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 42
General properties
• Group VIA (1s22s22p63s23p4)
• m.p. 113oC, b.p. 445oC
• Allotropes:
– (1) Rhombic sulphur, S8 (room to 96oC)
– (2) Monoclinic sulphur, S8 (stable btn. 96-
119oC)
– (3) Plastic sulphur, long polymeric chains.
Range of sulphur compounds
Purifier
Air water
and SO3
drier
Absorption
tower oleum H2SO4 store
98% H2SO4
c.H2SO4
Chemical properties of H2SO4
• Dilute H2SO4, a typical acid
– Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
– 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
– CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
– MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O + CO2
– 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
Chemical properties of H2SO4
• Concentrated H2SO4
– As an oxidizing agent
• Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
• C + 2H2SO4 → CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
– As a dehydrating agent
– Reaction with HX
• 2HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
• 8HI + 2H2SO4 → 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O
Uses of sulphuric(VI) acid
• Manufacture of detergents, dyestuffs,
polymers, fibres, paints, fertilizers
Test for sulphate(VI) ions
• Can be tested by adding a solution of BaCl2
acidified with dil. HNO3
– Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4, a white ppt.
– Note:
• Ba2+ +CO32- → BaCO3
• Ba2+ +SO32- → BaSO3
• BaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
• BaSO3 + 2HNO3 → Ba(NO3)2 + H2O + SO2