ANGUILIFORMES

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ANTONIO, JELLY 2009-29460

Family Anguillidae (freshwater eels)

Eyes well developed Posterior nostril in front of eye. Jaws well developed, with the lower jaw invariably the longer The teeth are concealed by thick lips All fins without hard spines Gill openings paired, well separated left and right side 4/22/12 openings as small vertical

Family Chlopsidae (false morays)

Have dorsal fin originating above or behind the gill opening Median fins are continuous around the tail Mouth reaches beyond the rear margin of the eye; Teeth are small and pointed (3 rows on the jaw, 2 separate rows in the vomer)
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Family Colocongridae (shorttail eels)

Fused parietals Presence hypohyals of well-developed

Relatively short tail

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Family Congridae (conger eels)

Long dorsal fin nearly reaching the pectoral fin Have an upper jaw longer than the lower jaw A complete lack of scales Ethmoid processes are absent The posterior teeth of the maxilla are markedly enlarged and pointed forward
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Family Derichthyidae (longneck eels)

Body elongate, scaleless, compressed posteriorly, constricted between head and pectoral fins in Snout blunt or long Eyes well developed Mouth reaching to or almost to posterior eye margin Caudal fin truncate, confluent with dorsal and anal fins.

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Family Heterenchelyidae (mud eels)

Morphological adaptations to burrowing: reduced eye size a caudoventral orientation of the anteromedial section of the adductor mandibulae muscle complex posterior position of the quadrate-mandibular joint a solid conical skull large insertion sites of epaxial and hypaxial muscles 4/22/12 on the neurocranium

Family Moringuidae (worm/spaghetti eels)

Small elongated cylindrical body giving a worm-like appearance Has a strongly lower jaw protruding

At maturity, they change their color to dark on the bck, silvery below Reduced eyes Low or absent paired vertical fins

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Family Muraenesocidae (pike congers)

Have a slender pointed head Lower jaw has a typical bump, fitting in a notch of the upper jaws Gill openings are large, extending from the pectoral fin bases to near the ventral midline, almost meeting in the middle All pike congers are strictly marine 4/22/12

Family Muraenidae (moray eels)

Prsence of big gape Exhibit an innovative feeding mechanism that allows them to transport large prey items from the oral jaw all the way back towards the esophagus using the pharyngeal jaws Stout and robust neurocranial elements An elongated lower jaw as the result of the posterior position of the quadratomandibular articulation
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Enlarged teeth of oral jaws

Family Myrocongridae (thin eels)

Slender body Snout relatively depressed No lips Eye oval and large Neurocranium very slender Teeth prominent and sharp in intermaxillary and inner rows and maxillary and dentary long and

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Family Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)

Both jaws are prolonged into a slender bill

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Family Nettastomatidae (duckbill eels)

Caudal displacement of the hyomandibula bone, quadrate-mandibular articulation and operclehyomandibular joint Decrease in the depth of the neurocranium Immobile, long maxilla and well-developed adductor mandibulae complex Food obtained by powerful biting.
4/22/12 Jaw elongation

provides more

Family Ophichthidae (snake eels)

Often with striking coloration Occur from the equator to warm temperate regions Have an upper jaw distinctly longer than the lower jaw

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Family Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)

Rows of saw-like teeth along the roof of the mouth Elongate naked body

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Family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels)

Live at great depths in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans Parasitic characteristics : stretchable skin around the small terminal mouth opening Cutting-edge teeth Stout mouth apparatus with associated muscles closing large

A large tongue-like secretory structure 4/22/12

REFERENCES:

"The Eels." Gulf of Maine Research Institute. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://www.gma.org/fogm/Anguilla_rostrata.htm>. Randall, John E. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University OF Hawaii. Google Books. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?id=Q2suD8z5um4C>. Eagderi, Soheil. "Structural Diversity in the Cranial Musculoskeletal System in Anguiliformes." Universiteit Gent (2009-2010). Print. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. CITES Identification Guide to Freshwater Eels. Rep. Natur Vards Verket, Mar. 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.

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